Comparative Study on the Cultural Bases of Central Eurasia

欧亚大陆中部文化基地比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
05041020
负责人：
UMEMURA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 7.04万
依托单位：
Chuo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05041020/
关键词：
Nomadic Culture Urban-Agricultural Culture Historical Relics Restoration of Religion Islam Nationalism Inner Asian Trade

项目摘要

This project focused on the regions : In China, North-east area, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Uyghur Region, in West Turkistan, Qirgizstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, particularly Uzbekistan and kazakstan. From the historical point of view, these areas keep common cultural elements for example Islam or the intimate connection between pastoral life and urban-agricultural life. However, when one observe each inhabitants' sense of belonging to the country and the consciousness of race, traditional culture and religion, it became clear that the cultural bases in these area is not homogeneity as following :1. Sense of country and race : Uzbek people, for example, has increased their national awareness after the independence of 1991, but other countries dare not to follow them. The same Turkish people in Xinjiang live in the wave of the population increase of Han-Chinese people as well as the other minorities in China. There is little identical consciousness between the west and the east.2. Religions : Historical tradition of Islam has revived particularly in the west, on the contrary the new revival of Islam in the east seems to be limited to specified areas or to personal scale according to the historical conditions. But it should be noted that the Hui people is developing the system of Islamic education. Among Tibetan Buddhism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, especially the latter three seem to have taken chance to survive in the people's desire for the secular interests.3. Historical relics and materials : The effort of discovery, preservation and study of cultural relics and materials has been continued everywhere. Unfortunately however, the fund to sustain the activity is absolutely short.In addition, the rapid development of urbanization and the active international private trade should prepare the more actual and common characters of Central Eurasia. But, the diversity of inhabitants' various consciousness mentioned above may be alive separately.

该项目重点关注地区：中国、东北地区、内蒙古和新疆维吾尔地区、西突厥斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、土库曼斯坦，特别是乌兹别克斯坦和哈萨克斯坦。从历史的角度来看，这些地区保留着共同的文化元素，例如伊斯兰教或田园生活与城市农业生活的密切联系。然而，当观察每个居民的国家归属感以及种族、传统文化和宗教意识时，就会发现这些地区的文化基础并不同质，如下： 1．国家意识和种族意识：以乌兹别克斯坦为例，1991年独立后，民族意识增强，但其他国家却不敢效仿。同样是新疆的土耳其人，生活在汉族以及中国其他少数民族人口增长的浪潮中。东西方意识几乎没有一致。 2．宗教：伊斯兰教的历史传统尤其在西方得到复兴，相反，伊斯兰教在东方的新复兴似乎根据历史条件仅限于特定地区或个人规模。但值得注意的是，回族正在发展伊斯兰教育体系。藏传佛教中，佛教、儒教、道教尤其是后三教似乎在人们对世俗利益的渴望中得以幸存。 3．文物资料：各地文物资料的发现、保存和研究工作持续不断。然而不幸的是，维持这一活动的资金绝对不足。此外，城市化的快速发展和国际私人贸易的活跃应该为中欧亚大陆更实际和共同的特征做好准备。但是，上述居民的各种意识的多样性可能是分别存在的。