Development of the psychological underpinnings of the perception of social agents

社会主体认知的心理基础的发展

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06761
• 负责人: Rutherford, Mel
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741413
• 关键词: Development; psychological; underpinnings; perception; social

Humans have complex psychological processes designed for detecting and attending to living things. Understanding the psychological processes that underpin the perception of animacy is prerequisite to understanding interactions between people. Understanding the development of these perceptual and attentional processes sheds light on the formation and malleability of our perception of and attention to others. Perhaps most fundamental is an understanding of how we discriminate animate and inanimate objects. those we interact with and those we do not. The purpose of this research program is to explore both adult functioning and the developmental trajectory of these psychological processes, and to compare these processes across groups with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Detection of and attention to animate entities are the foundation of all other interactions both developmentally and in real-time adult processing. This categorization happens early in visual processing and develops early in the lifespan. One study described here tests for evidence that infants attend to animate visual objects preferentially over other visual objects, and another tests which cues infants use in order to categorize motion as animate. Two studies explore animacy perception in adult observers: One tests whether the perception of animate objects is categorical, and the other compares processing between animate and inanimate categories. Two of the studies probe such perception in groups with autism spectrum disorders. The goals of this research program include 1) testing specific hypotheses about what visual cues draw infants' attention to animate objects, 2) testing whether infants attend to animate objects over inanimate objects, even when no objects are in motion, 3) testing adults' categorization of animate and inanimate objects and 4) testing whether the relationship between IQ and the perception of animacy is greater among those with ASD than among those without ASD. Humans have evolved specific, well-designed perceptual and attentional tools. The perception of animacy is foundational to all interactions. Together, these studies are designed to shed light on the human psychology underlying social perception. Benefits will be both basic and practical: Our basic understanding of these important psychological processes will be enhanced, and we will have a better understanding of the perceptual and attentional differences in those with ASD. Understanding the development of these processes in typical children and in those with ASD may allow us to better understand how social information is processed differently across these groups. The predicted association with IQ may shed light on how people with ASD solve social cognitive problems. This understanding will not only help teachers and parents better support the acquisition of social strategies, but it will help neurotypical people understand and interact with those with ASD in real time.

人类具有复杂的心理过程，旨在检测和关注生物。了解支撑生命力感知的心理过程是理解人与人之间互动的先决条件。了解这些感知和注意力过程的发展有助于了解我们对他人的感知和注意力的形成和可塑性。也许最根本的是了解我们如何区分有生命和无生命的物体。与我们互动的人和不与我们互动的人。该研究项目的目的是探索成人功能和这些心理过程的发展轨迹，并比较患有和不患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的群体之间的这些过程。对有生命实体的检测和关注是发育和实时成人处理中所有其他交互的基础。这种分类发生在视觉处理的早期，并在生命周期的早期发展。这里描述的一项研究测试了婴儿优先关注动画视觉对象而不是其他视觉对象的证据，而另一项测试则提示婴儿使用将运动归类为动画。两项研究探讨了成年观察者的生命感知：一项研究测试对有生命物体的感知是否是分类的，另一项研究比较有生命和无生命类别之间的处理。其中两项研究探讨了自闭症谱系障碍患者的这种认知。 该研究计划的目标包括 1) 测试有关哪些视觉线索吸引婴儿注意有生命物体的具体假设，2) 测试即使没有物体运动，婴儿是否会关注有生命的物体而不是无生命的物体，3) 测试成人的注意力对有生命和无生命物体进行分类；4）测试自闭症谱系障碍患者的智商与生命感知之间的关系是否比非自闭症谱系障碍患者更大。人类已经进化出了特定的、精心设计的感知和注意力工具。对生命力的感知是所有互动的基础。这些研究旨在揭示社会感知背后的人类心理。好处将是基本的和实用的：我们对这些重要心理过程的基本理解将得到加强，我们将更好地理解自闭症谱系障碍患者的知觉和注意力差异。了解典型儿童和自闭症谱系障碍儿童这些过程的发展可能使我们更好地了解这些群体如何以不同的方式处理社会信息。预测的与智商的关联可能有助于了解自闭症谱系障碍患者如何解决社会认知问题。这种理解不仅可以帮助老师和家长更好地支持社交策略的获取，而且可以帮助神经正常的人实时理解自闭症患者并与之互动。