Study on origins of man and living apes in East Africa

东非人类和现存猿类的起源研究

基本信息

批准号：
03041045
负责人：
ISHIDA Hidemi
金额：
$ 23.68万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

As shown in the title of our project, the major objectives have been to make clear the origin of hominids and origin of modern African apes. Originally, we had planned to conduct field surveys in Kenya and Zaire. The former was to discover fossils of proto-hominids, and the latter was to discover ancestors of chimpanzees and gorillas. A political situation of Zaire, however, has been worse since late spring of 1991. Therefore, we stopped having the field survey in Zaire. The areas studied in Kenya are Samburu Hills and Nachola area.On the basis of stratigraphy, the Neogene System in the areas is divided into following seven formations in ascending order : Nachola F. (19-15Ma), Aka Aiteputh F. (15-10Ma), Namurungule F. (10-7Ma), Nanyangaten-Kongia F. (7-5Ma), and Tirr-Tirr F. (4Ma). From the geological and geochronological data, an extremely marked structural gap is recognized between the Namurungule and Nanyangaten formations indicating many faults in Nachola, Aka Aiteputh and Namurungule formations but few in the upper formations from Nanyangaten Formation. The faults in the lower three formations is indicating a major tectonic movement of rift system in age from 9 to 8 Ma.The numerous equid and bovid remains have been found from the Namurungule Formation. These taxa indicates the open woodland to savanna environments. It seems that the Namurungule Fauna might have been the forerunner of the modern Sub-Saharan fauna in savanna and woodland environments. A large hominoid, Samburu-hominoid, was discovered from the formation. The hominoid might have been terrestrial knuckle-walkers or bipeds. Additional discoveries of the hominoids are strongly expected for a discussion of the origin of hominids.

如我们项目的标题所示，主要目标是阐明现代非洲猿类的人类和起源的起源。最初，我们计划在肯尼亚和扎伊尔进行现场调查。前者是要发现原始摩西菌的化石，后者是发现黑猩猩和大猩猩的祖先。然而，自1991年春末以来，扎伊尔的政治状况一直更糟。因此，我们不再在扎伊尔进行现场调查。肯尼亚研究的地区是桑布鲁山和纳乔拉地区。在地层学的基础上，该地区的新繁体系统按升序分为以下七个地层：Nachola F.（19-15mA），Aka Aiteputh F.（15--（15--） 10mA），Namurungule F.（10-7MA），Nanyangaten-Kongia F.（7-5MA）和Tirr-Tirr F.（4mA）。从地质和地质学数据中，在纳龙龙和南甘纳甘丹形成之间认识到了极为明显的结构差距，表明纳乔拉，aka aiteputh和namurungule地层中的许多断层，但在南方甘丹顿形成的上层中很少。较低三层地层中的断层表明，裂谷系统在9至8 mA中的主要构造运动。从Namurungule的形成中发现了许多均衡和牛。这些分类单元指示开放的林地通往稀树草原环境。似乎纳穆隆动物动物群可能是萨凡纳和林地环境中现代撒哈拉族动物区系的先驱。从地层中发现了一个大型的samburu as-hominoid。类人可能是陆克运动员或双子。人们强烈期望针对人类人的起源进行其他发现。