A Study on the Bureaucrats of Hshin-fa Party in Sung Dynasty

宋代信发党官僚研究

基本信息

批准号：
02610170
负责人：
KUMAMOTO Takashi
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Ishinomaki Senshu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. I started this study in order to elucidate the real state of bureaucrats of Hsin-fa party, but at present I have not yet accomplished this purpose. For first of all I devoted myself to the elucidation of censors and remonstrators that stand for the political essence of northern sung dynasty before beaurocrats of Hsin-fa party : I thought that the politics in the first half of northern Sung dynasty era had certain factor which had to be overcome by Hsin-fa party and the elucidation of this factor made the significance of the reformation by Hsin-fa party understandable.2. From this standpoint I tried to investigate the institution of censors and demonstrators and elucidate their real states in the first half of northern Sung dynasty era. And I demonstrated the following two points.(1) Though scholdrs in the past thought that the edict in 1017 established the outline of the institution of censors and remonstrators, through a reexamination of this edict it was ascertained that this edict was not necessarily carried out litteraly but as matter of fact censors and remonstrators regarded it as a ground for their authorities of criticizing state policies, and that remonstrating censors established by this edict were a extremely small part of censors.(2) There wave many cases that censors and remonstrators also holded rather the financial posts e. g. assistant commissioner of State Finance Commission than the posts of criticizing state policies especially in the earliest days of northern Sung dynasty era.3. I took notice of two biographies of Ou-yang Hsiu, representative remonstrator in northern Sung dynasty, and examined them comparatively. One is his biography included in the True Records by Chiu-fa party and the other is that by Hsin-fa party. By means of consideration to the difference between two evaluations about him by both parties I could recognize the limit of politics led by censors and remonstrators and necessity of polities by Hsin-fa party.

1.我开始这项研究是为了阐明信发党官僚的真实状况，但目前我还没有达到这个目的。首先，我致力于向信发党官僚们阐释代表北宋政治本质的监察者和谏者：我认为北宋上半叶的政治有一定的因素，信发党必须克服这一问题，这一因素的阐明使信发党变法的意义更加明显。 2．我试图从这个角度来考察北宋上半叶的监察和示威制度，并阐明他们的真实状态。我论证了以下两点：（一）过去的学者虽然认为1017年的敕令确立了御史谏制的轮廓，但通过重新审视该敕令，发现该敕令不一定得到执行。随处可见，但事实上，审查者和谏者将其视为他们的当局批评国家政策的理由，并且以此为由设立的谏审查者(2)监察员、谏官同时担任财务职务的情况也不少。 g。国家财政委员会助理专员的职务多于批评国家政策的职务，尤其是在北宋初期。3．我注意到北宋代表性谏者欧阳修的两本传记，并进行了比较研究。其传记一为九发党所载之实录，一为信发党所载之传记。通过考虑两党对他的两种评价的差异，我可以认识到审查者和谏者主导的政治的局限性和信发党政治的必要性。