Experimental study concerning escape behavior of big size group and intragroup conflict in a simulated panic situation

模拟恐慌情境下大群体逃避行为与群体内冲突的实验研究

基本信息

批准号：
02610060
负责人：
KUGIHARA Naoki
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Kyushu Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Four kinds of experiment were done under this research title. First experiment was three-dimensional maze escape of big size group. About 40 participants escaped at once. As a result of the experiment, the large jam was occurred in the crisis condition in immediately after the departure, the turning point, and the corner compared with non-crisis condition. Moreover, crisis lengthened escape time and locomotive distance in the maze. The phenomenon that the number of escape success person increased and decreased intermittently was observed because the generations of congest and the collapses were repeated.The second experiment tried to clarified several causes of the decrease of the escape success rate in the crisis. The causes that may be thinkable are a rise of group member's average activity level by de-individuation or by social facilitation and the existence of small number of self-regard person. To clarify the causes, a bottleneck situation was set. In this situation, width of outlet changes in proportion to group size. In spite of above experimental procedure, escape time was not constant. In other word, the time spent in the bottle neck situation was longer in big size group than in small group. This result suggests that the decrease of escape effectiveness of a large size group was not caused only by small number of self-regard person.The aim of the third experiment is to compare the effects of fear on escape behavior of individual and group conditions in a maze. The results: Fear increased the time and locomotion required to reach the exit, because of the occurrence of a traffic jam in the group escape condition, however, fear reduced time in the individual escape condition.The forth experiment attempted to investigate the route selection behavior on a T shaped divergent point in a maze, and to make a mathematical model that expresses stream of people's locomotion. The data derived from the model fairy correspond to the experimental data.

在此研究标题下进行了四种实验。第一个实验是大尺寸组的三维迷宫逃生。大约40名参与者一次逃脱。由于实验，与非危机条件相比，出发点，转弯点和角落的危机状况发生了大果酱。此外，危机延长了迷宫中的逃生时间和机车距离。由于重复了交货和倒塌的几代人，因此观察到了逃生成功人数增加和减少的现象。第二次实验试图阐明危机中逃生成功率下降的几个原因。可能可以考虑的原因是团队成员通过下个性化或社会促进以及少数自我尊敬的人的存在的平均活动水平的兴起。为了阐明原因，设定了瓶颈情况。在这种情况下，出口宽度与组大小成比例的变化。尽管进行了上述实验程序，但逃生时间却不恒定。换句话说，在大尺寸组中花费的时间比小组中的时间更长。该结果表明，大尺寸组的逃逸有效性的降低不仅是由少数自我招标人引起的。第三个实验的目的是比较恐惧对个人和组条件逃脱行为的影响迷宫。结果：恐惧增加了到达出口所需的时间和运动，因为在小组逃生条件下发生了交通拥堵，但是，恐惧在单个逃生条件下减少了时间。第四实验试图调查路线选择行为在迷宫中的T形分歧点上，并制作出表达人们运动流的数学模型。从模型童话中得出的数据对应于实验数据。