A study on the Influences of the Great Depression upon the socio-econonmic structures of the villages in Java

大萧条对爪哇村庄社会经济结构的影响研究

• 批准号: 01510218
• 负责人: UEMURA Yasuo
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: Hiroshima University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01510218/
• 关键词: Sugar-plantation; Social Stratification; Land Lease; Surabaya; Besuki; Village Official; Absentee Landlord; Curtailment of Planting area; 借地契約; ジャワ農村; 賃金; 資材購入費; 借地料; 現金不足; 大土地占有者; チャドボ-ン協定; 土地貸出料; 生産制限; タバコ; コ-ヒ-; ゴム; 労賃

In this study we analzed mainly the influences of the Great Depression on the social stratification of the peasants in the villages around the sugar-plantations. Because of the lower sugar price in the world market sugar-plantations in Java narrowed their planting area much at that time. The meaning of this for the peasants around the sugar-plantations is the vanishment of their main sources of cash-income because a lot of them lost their job in the sugar-cane fields and also they couldn't get enough rent of their rice-fields which they had lent out for cultivating sugar-cane. It is the well-to-do peasants who were hitted most in these situations since they had got much gain from the sugar-plantations until then through lending out of their wide rice-fields. So they often resisted to the proposed nulification of the land lease. In the regions such as Surabaya where communal ownership o f rice-fields was prevalent this class of peasants usually belonged to the village officials, and so these resistances took the form of village's resistance. On the contrary it was the large absentee landlords who played leading rolls in these resistances in the region such as Besuki where almost all the rice-fields were owned in individual ownership. These circumstances suggest that social stratification of the peasants in Java, which had gone on until then, became much slower during the Great Depression.

在这项研究中，我们主要将大萧条对糖植入村庄农民的社会分层的影响分析。由于世界市场上的糖植入糖的价格较低，因此当时的种植区缩小了他们的种植区域。对于糖植入糖植入的农民而言，这的意思是他们的主要现金收入来源的剂量，因为他们中的许多人在糖货币领域失去了工作，而且他们无法获得足够的米饭租金他们借出的田地用于培养糖罐。在这种情况下，这是富裕的农民在这些情况下受到最多的打击，因为他们从糖植入量获得了很大的收益，直到那时，他们通过借出宽阔的稻田。因此，他们经常抵制拟议的土地租赁纽尔。在像萨拉巴亚这样的地区，稻田的共同所有权通常属于乡村官员，因此这些抵抗运动以村庄抵抗的形式。相反，正是大的缺席房东在该地区（例如Besuki）中扮演了领先的掷骰，几乎所有稻场都属于个人所有权。这些情况表明，直到那时一直持续的爪哇农民的社会分层在大萧条期间变得越来越慢。

项目成果

UEMURA, Yasuo: " "Free" election of the Village Chiefs in Colonial Java and Madoera" The Shirin (Journal of History). 73-1. 73-104 (1990)

UEMURA, Yasuo：“爪哇殖民地和马多埃拉村长的“自由”选举”《Shirin》（历史杂志）。

植村 泰夫: "恐慌とリンギンアノム糖業" 史学研究. 195号. 23-48 (1992)

Yasuo Uemura：“萧条与 Lingin Anom 糖业”历史研究第 195 期。23-48 (1992)。

植村 泰夫: "恐慌期ジャワの農村社会経済構造" 広島大学文学部紀要特集号. 52巻. (1993)

Yasuo Uemura：“大萧条时期爪哇的农村社会经济结构”广岛大学文学部公报特刊第52卷（1993年）。

UEMURA, Yasuo: "Socio-economic structures of the villages in Java in the great depression" The Hiroshima University Studies, Faculty of Letters. 52. (1993)

UEMURA, Yasuo：“大萧条时期爪哇村庄的社会经济结构”广岛大学文学院研究。

植村泰夫: "植民地期ジャワ・マヅラのデサ首長「自由選挙」をめぐって" 史林. 73-1. (1990)

Yasuo Uemura：“关于殖民时期爪哇马都拉德萨酋长的‘自由选举’”Shirin (1990)。