Life Zone Ecology of The Bhutan Himalaya II.

不丹喜马拉雅山生命带生态学II。

基本信息

批准号：
01041014
负责人：
OHSAWA Masahiko
金额：
$ 7.1万
依托单位：
Chiba University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01041014/
关键词：
Altitudinal Zonation Forest Vegetation Grassland Vegetation Weeds Climate Dry Valley Landform Bhutan

项目摘要

Life Zone Ecology of The Bhutan Himalaya II.The second phase study is focused on the subtropical part of the Bhutan Himalaya. Climatic analysis of the dry valley along the Sankosh river clarified the main factor which cause the occurrence of dry valley is the strong southerly (valley) wind which reach maximum velocity at 14 or 15 local time when the temperature reaches maximum. The high temperature, the large gradient of water vapour pressure and the strong wind make the evapo transpiration large. Landform and tectonic movement of Bhutan was studied in middle reaches of several main rivers. Bedding planes of older fluvial deposits at the Wangdiphodrang Dzong indicates the relative uplift of the lower reaches from WangdiyPhodrang against the upper ones and suggests the uplift of the southern High Himalaya belt.Vegetation structure and its human modification were studied in the subtropical zone ranging from 1000 to 2500 m. In natural forests, there are many tropical elements such as Altingia excelsa, Exbucklandia populnea, Sloanea sterculiaceus, Toonaciliata, Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, etc. , however, the repeated human disturbances such as shifting cultivation and coppicing had modified the forests into less diversified lauro-fagaceous forests. The pattern is further intensified by xeric-mesic gradients along the topo-edaphological gradients, and grazing by domestic animals. Farmland weeds and pastures were studied extensively. A dwarf bamboo grasslands like Pleioblastus pastures on Mt. Aso and Mt. Kuju was found in central Bhutan which is dominated by dwarfbamboo, Yushania. It is an evergreen bamboo grazed by cow and Yaku throughout the year. Grasslands are also modified into waste lands dominated by Artemisia, Senecio, Rumex and Arundinaria.

不丹喜马拉雅二世的生命区生态学。第二阶段研究集中在不丹喜马拉雅山的亚热带部分。沿Sankosh河的干山谷的气候分析阐明了导致干山谷发生的主要因素是强烈的（山谷）风，当温度达到最高温度时，在14或15的当地时间达到最大速度。高温，水蒸气压力的较大梯度和强风使蒸发量很大。在几条主要河流的中途研究了不丹的地貌和构造运动。 Wangdiphodrang dzong在Wangdiphodrang dzong上的较旧河流沉积物的床上用品平面表明，从Wangdiyphodrang对上部的下距离的相对升高向上，这表明在高级喜马拉雅山腰带上的抬高。至2500 m。 In natural forests, there are many tropical elements such as Altingia excelsa, Exbucklandia populnea, Sloanea sterculiaceus, Toonaciliata, Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, etc. , however, the repeated human disturbances such as shifting cultivation and coppicing had modified the forests into less diversified lauro-fagaceous森林。这种模式通过沿托波斯语音学梯度的Xeric-sesic梯度进一步加强，并由家畜放牧。对农田杂草和牧场进行了广泛的研究。在不丹中部，在不丹中部发现了一个矮小的竹草原，例如阿索山和库豪山的Pleioblastus牧场。这是一个常绿的竹子，全年都被牛和Yaku放牧。草原也被修改为由阿耳厄西亚，塞内西奥，鲁姆克斯和阿鲁德纳利亚主导的废物。