Niche differentiation, morphological and phenological traits of trees in evergreen broad-leaved forests

常绿阔叶林树木生态位分化及形态物候特征

基本信息

批准号：
10440229
负责人：
OHSAWA Masahiko
金额：
$ 3.01万
依托单位：
University of Tokyo (2000)Chiba University (1998-1999)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Forest structure and tree traits were studied in several subtropical/warm-temperate broad-leaved forests in southern Japan including Okinawa and Yakushima Islands, Mt. Kiyosumi, Chiba, and Mt. Dokura, Miyagi. Evergreen broad-leaved trees of tropical origin constitutes the northern limit of the latitudinal distribution in southern to central Japan. There are two groups of trees having characteristic features such as bud type (naked, hypsophyllary and scaled buds), leaf size sensu Raunkiaer, branching architecture, and niche within and between forests in the northern limit of evergreen broad-leaved forests. The canopy trees have mostly scaled-bud, notophyll, proleptic branching, and high C/N ratio of their leaves while understorey trees have hypsophyllary-bud, microphyll, sylleptic branching, and low C/N ratio. In the undersorey layer of the forest, pole stage trees of canopy species allocate more to shoot extension rather than to expand foliage surfaces in a shoot-module level while und … More erstory species allocate more to foliage expansion and thus tolerate deep shade in the undestorey layer. Branching type of trees can be categorized into two, i.e. sylleptic and proleptic. Most of the canopy species have proleptic branching with a more or less homogeneous branches in their performances (length, number of leaves). Understorey species, on the other hand, have sylleptic branching with stronger performances of the main shoot than sylleptic lateral branches. Prolepsis is more common in the northern species while syllepsis is more common in southern species in the Japanese Cinnamomum species investigated. Syllepsis is more tropical in nature in their growth habit and the trees with sylleptic branchings are found in the southern most Cinnamomum doederleinii and Cinnamomum daphnoides partly. Cinnamomum japonicum with the widest and the northern most distribution in Japan has solely proleptic branchings. The trees having leaves with high C/N ratio are more concentrate to canopy and ridge habitats while those with low C/N ratio are to understorey and valley habitat though the trend is rather weak because of the wide ranging species. It is suggested that the habitat segregation is strongly correlated with the nutrient turnover in the habitat and tree growth habit. Less

对日本南部的几个亚热带/暖温带阔叶林（包括冲绳岛和屋久岛、千叶县清澄山和宫城县豆仓山）的森林结构和树木性状进行了研究。日本南部至中部纬度分布的北界有两类具有芽型（裸芽、叶芽和叶芽）等特征的树木。常绿阔叶林北部边界的树冠树木大多具有鳞片芽、叶绿素、预分枝和高碳氮比。林下层有叶芽、小叶、叶分枝，碳氮比低。树冠物种的树木在枝条模块水平上分配更多的时间用于枝条的延伸，而不是扩展叶子表面，而其他树种的树木则分配更多的时间用于叶子的扩展，因此可以将未破坏层的深树荫分为分枝类型。两种，即预生分枝和预生分枝，大多数树冠物种都具有预生分枝，其性能（长度、叶子数量）或多或少具有同质性。另一方面，在研究的日本肉桂属热带物种中，下层物种的主枝具有更强的侧枝表现，在北方物种中更常见，而在南方物种中更常见。其生长习性在自然界中很常见，并且在最南端的 Cinnamomum doederleinii 和 Cinnamomum daphnoides 中发现了具有 syleptic 分枝的树木日本分布范围最广、分布最北的肉桂，其叶子的C/N比高的树木多集中在树冠和山脊生境，而C/N比低的树木则多集中在林下和山谷。尽管由于物种范围广泛，这种趋势相当弱，但表明栖息地隔离与栖息地的养分周转和树木生长习性密切相关。