Genes, evolution and molecular ecological studies on avian sex chromosomes

鸟类性染色体的基因、进化和分子生态学研究

基本信息

批准号：
10044194
负责人：
MIZUNO Shigeki
金额：
$ 3.46万
依托单位：
TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10044194/
关键词：
chicken W chromosome Z chromosome DMRT1 gene PKCI gene human chromosome No.9 lampbrush chromosome chromomere 性分化 DNAメチル化修飾ダチョウエミュランププラッシ染色体性染色体進化

项目摘要

(1) Relationship between repetitive DNA families and chromomeres on the lampbrush chromosomes from a chicken oocyte : About 65% region of the W chromosome of most breeds of chicken consists of Xhol family and EcoRI family repetitive sequences. On the other hand, the W chromosome of Fayoumi, and Egyptian breed, contains about one-sixth amount of the Xhol family sequence. Among the chicken population, there are two types of EcoRI family : high repetition type and low repetition type. When lampbrush chromosomes from breeds or individuals containing different amounts of Xhol or EcoRI family sequence, were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization with Xhol family and EcoRI family probes, each family sequence was localized on a different chromomere ; the chromomere-3 consisting of Xhol-family sequence was very small in Fayoumi, and the chromomere-1 consisting of EcoRI family sequence was undetectable in the low repetition type sample. These results suggested that one particular repeti … More tive family formed a particular chromomere on the lampbrush chromosome.(2) DMRT1 gene of chickens : In human, DMRT1 gene is located on the chromosome No. 9. This gene has been suggested to be involved in the male differentiation in human, because its mutation frequently causes a female phenotype in the XY male. In chickens, DMRT1 gene is located on the Z chromosome and its expression in the female is largely suppressed. We found that the MHM region is very closely located to the DMRT1 gene on the Z chromosome of chickens. The MHM region consists of repeats of a BamHl 2.2 kb sequence and is transcribed actively in the female. In the male, this region is highly methylated and transcriptionally inactive on both of the Z chromosome. The transcripts of the MHM region accumulated at the site of transcription, I.e., in close vicinity to the DMRT1 gene in the nucleus of the female chicken. We speculate that the accumulation of the MHM transcripts may cause suppression of the DMRT1 gene expression in the female nucleus.(3) Wpkci gene on the chicken W chromosome : We found that the PKCI (protein kinase C interacting protein) gene was located on the Z chromosome in chickens and the gene for an altered form of PKCI, designated Wpkci, was located on the W chromosome. The GFP-fusion form of Wpkci, expressed in the chicken embryonic fibroblast, was located in the nucleus. It is speculated that Wpkci may inhibit the function of PKCI by forming a heterodimer with PKCI and thereby causes the female development. Less

（1）重复的DNA家族与鸡蛋细胞的lamp染色体上的重复性DNA家族与染色体之间的关系：大多数鸡肉的W染色体的约65％区域由Xhol家族和Ecori家族重复序列组成。另一方面，Fayoumi的W染色体和埃及品种含有约六分之一的Xhol家族序列。在鸡群中，有两种类型的ECORI家族：高重复类型和低重复类型。当来自含有不同量的Xhol或Ecori家族序列的品种或个体的lampbrush染色体，与Xhol家族和Ecori家族问题进行荧光原位杂交时，每个家族序列都定位在不同的铬虫上。在fayoumi中，由Xhol-Family序列组成的Chromere-3非常小，在低重复类型样本中，由ECORI家族序列组成的Chromeme-1无法检测到。这些结果表明，一个特殊的重复……更加厚的家族在兰蒙染色体上形成了一个特定的染色体。（2）DMRT1鸡的基因：在人类中，DMRT1基因位于第9号染色体上。该基因被认为与男性差异有关，因为它的突变是男性的突变，因此在Xy中引起男性的突变。在鸡中，DMRT1基因位于Z染色体上，其在雌性中的表达在很大程度上被抑制。我们发现，MHM区域非常紧密地位于鸡Z染色体上的DMRT1基因。 MHM区域由BAMHL 2.2 Kb序列的重复组成，并在女性中积极转录。在男性中，该区域在两个Z染色体上都高度甲基化，并且在转录上无活性。 MHM区域的转录本在转录部位积聚，即与雌性鸡核的DMRT1基因附近相邻。我们推测，MHM转录物的积累可能会导致雌性核us中DMRT1基因表达的抑制。（3）WPKCI基因在鸡W染色体上：我们发现PKCI（蛋白激酶C相互作用的蛋白质相互作用蛋白）基因位于鸡皮中的Z染色体上，用于鸡和pkci的基因。染色体。 WPKCI的GFP融合形式位于鸡胚胎成纤维细胞中，位于细胞核中。据推测，WPKCI可以通过与PKCI形成异二聚体，从而抑制PKCI的功能，从而导致女性发育。较少的