Fundamental flame studies of soot formation at high pressures and at low gravity

高压低重力下烟灰形成的基础火焰研究

• 批准号: 251116-2012
• 负责人: Gulder, Omer
• 金额: $ 4.08万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=547653
• 关键词: Fundamental; flame; studies; soot; formation

Soot aerosols affect the Earth's temperature and climate, both regionally and globally by altering the radiative properties of the atmosphere. The contribution to global warming may be substantial, perhaps second only to that of carbon dioxide. In addition, the deposition of soot on snow and ice reduces the surface reflectivity thus trapping the radiation; this could be responsible for a quarter of the global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicated that the soot aerosol is the third largest contributor to the positive radiative forcing that causes climate change. Furthermore, exposure to soot aerosol is responsible for hundreds of thousands of global deaths each year. Controls on soot aerosol can produce rapid regional and global climate benefits as well as reductions of ill effects on human health. One of the approaches in control is prevention or reduction of soot generation in combustion. A significant portion of soot is emitted from combustion engines used in land, air and sea transportation. A fundamental understanding of the soot formation processes in combustion is an integral part of this control approach. However, the details of the soot formation process in combustion remain uncertain due to the highly complex nature of hydrocarbon flames. In spite of the fact that most combustion devices used for transportation operate at very high pressures, our understanding of soot formation at high pressures is very limited, and there is a fundamental lack of experimental data and complementary predictive models. Sooting characteristics of liquid bio-fuels are not known well, especially at high pressures where most engines operate, and this lack of understanding has implications in adopting bio-fuels and blends in gas turbines and other land transportation engines. The current proposal aims to address these issues by contributing to the advancement of knowledge in soot formation and helping with the soot emissions control efforts. This will be accomplished by carefully planned experiments using the unique high-pressure combustion facility and optical combustion diagnostics available at UTIAS.

烟尘气溶胶通过改变大气的辐射特性，影响区域和全球范围内的地球温度和气候。对全球变暖的贡献可能是巨大的，也许仅次于二氧化碳。此外，雪和冰上烟灰的沉积降低了表面反射率，从而捕获了辐射；这可能是全球变暖的原因之一。政府间气候变化专门委员会指出，烟尘气溶胶是导致气候变化的正辐射强迫的第三大贡献者。此外，每年全球有数十万人因接触烟灰气溶胶而死亡。对烟尘气溶胶的控制可以快速产生区域和全球气候效益，并减少对人类健康的不良影响。控制方法之一是防止或减少燃烧中烟灰的产生。很大一部分烟灰是由陆地、空中和海上运输中使用的内燃机排放的。对燃烧中烟灰形成过程的基本了解是这种控制方法的一个组成部分。然而，由于碳氢化合物火焰的高度复杂性，燃烧中烟灰形成过程的细节仍然不确定。尽管大多数用于运输的燃烧装置在非常高的压力下运行，但我们对高压下烟灰形成的了解非常有限，并且根本缺乏实验数据和补充预测模型。液体生物燃料的烟灰特性尚不清楚，尤其是在大多数发动机运行的高压下，这种缺乏了解对在燃气轮机和其他陆地运输发动机中采用生物燃料和混合物产生了影响。当前的提案旨在通过促进烟灰形成知识的进步并帮助烟灰排放控制工作来解决这些问题。这将通过使用 UTIAS 独特的高压燃烧设施和光学燃烧诊断技术进行精心策划的实验来实现。