Reducing aviation's impact on climate change - understanding effects of fuel and engine characteristics on formation of contrails

减少航空对气候变化的影响 - 了解燃料和发动机特性对凝结尾迹形成的影响

• 批准号: 570573-2021
• 负责人: Gulder, Omer
• 金额: $ 34.75万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=721446
• 关键词: Reducing; aviation; impact; climate; change

Contributions to climate forcing (due to contrails and carbon dioxide) will be the main drivers that will shape the future of the aviation. Currently, there seems to be no viable prime mover that will replace the gas turbine as the preferred engine for the medium to long range commercial aircraft. It is most likely that for the foreseeable future these engines will be fueled by liquid hydrocarbons obtained from sustainable sources, i.e., sustainable aviation fuels. Contrail formation is a result of the soot aerosol in the engine exhaust acting as the nuclei to form ice particles. The current understanding is that the soot aerosols, any aqueous aerosols formed in the exhaust, and the ambient aerosols entrained into the plume act as nuclei to form ice crystals when water vapour in the plume becomes supersaturated because of the plume mixing with ambient cold air and cooling rapidly. The details of these processes involved in contrail formation are not known well, and there exist several knowledge gaps. The uncertainty associated with modelling its radiative forcing is very high due to a lack understanding nucleation of ice particles. Understanding these processes at a level that physical descriptions leading to realistic models is essential to simulate the aircraft induced contrail properties to predict their behaviour. The proposed project aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in contrail formation by addressing the knowledge gaps by means of a combined experimental and modelling effort supported by theoretical development of ice nucleation and growth. The deliverables of this research program will be a better physical description and improved models of contrail formation that can be used in contrail radiation forcing simulations decreasing the uncertainties in climate modelling. Results will help the Canadian gas turbine engine manufacturers to predict the impacts of engine exhaust and contrails on the environment and facilitate the decision-making and strategies for the potential of future aviation technologies such as hybrid electric, hydrogen, and sustainable aviation fuels aircraft.

对气候强迫的贡献（由于凝结尾迹和二氧化碳）将成为塑造航空业未来的主要驱动力。目前，似乎还没有可行的原动机可以取代燃气轮机作为中远程商用飞机的首选发动机。在可预见的未来，这些发动机很可能将使用从可持续来源（即可持续航空燃料）获得的液态碳氢化合物作为燃料。凝结尾迹的形成是发动机排气中的烟灰气溶胶充当核形成冰粒的结果。目前的理解是，当羽流中的水蒸气由于羽流与周围冷空气混合而变得过饱和时，烟灰气溶胶、排气中形成的任何水性气溶胶以及夹带到羽流中的环境气溶胶充当核形成冰晶。迅速冷却。轨迹形成所涉及的这些过程的细节尚不清楚，并且存在一些知识空白。由于缺乏对冰粒子成核的了解，与其辐射强迫建模相关的不确定性非常高。在物理描述产生真实模型的层面上理解这些过程对于模拟飞机引起的轨迹特性以预测其行为至关重要。 拟议项目旨在通过冰成核和生长理论发展支持的实验和建模相结合的工作来解决知识差距，从而促进轨迹形成知识的进步。 该研究计划的成果将是更好的物理描述和改进的轨迹形成模型，可用于轨迹辐射强迫模拟，减少气候建模的不确定性。研究结果将帮助加拿大燃气涡轮发动机制造商预测发动机废气和凝结尾迹对环境的影响，并促进混合电动、氢和可持续航空燃料飞机等未来航空技术潜力的决策和战略。