Some local-level examples of power-sharing arrangement of decentralization in Mexico and Brazil

墨西哥和巴西地方权力下放安排的一些例子

• 批准号: 16530093
• 负责人: MATSUSHITA Kiyoshi
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Ritsumeikan University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16530093/
• 关键词: decentralization; power-sharing; participatory budget; synergistic relationship; Worker's Party (PT); state-society relationship; mutual empowerment; Porto Alegre; 市民社会; 新自由主義; 分権化; ローカリズム; 参加型予算; 熟議民主主義; 市民同盟; 公共空間; 国家-社会リンケージ; 官僚制; ゼロー

This report provides an analysis of power -sharing arrangement of decentralization at local-level experiences in Mexico and Brazil. The society and politics of both countries are characterized by the predominance of the state over the civil society and by huge obstacles against the construction of citizenship, the exercise of rights, and popular autonomous participation. Nevertheless, current politics in Mexico are characterized by expressions of plurality, competition, and political competition for integration of powers and representation of authorities in the three levels of government : federal, state, and municipal. This new political trend is an expression of a long process of democratization that has manifested in diverse areas while modifying the relationship between society and government. Especially, this transformation, the building of a democratic relationship between government and society, has been manifesting itself at the municipal level and through various forms of civi … More l society participation that have influenced change at the national and state levels of government.In Brazil, the PT's support for democratic decentralization can also be located in its close association with autonomous movement. From its very birth (1980), the PT was a social movement party, having been formed as an alliance of progressive elements of the Church, unions, peasant associations, human rights groups, and an array of revolutionary organizations. Created as an instrument of struggle against an authoritarian regime and its corporatist structure, during its first decade of existence the PT constantly sought to maintain ties to a multitude of grassroots social movements and developed highly decentralized internal structures. The participatory budget of Porto Alegre enables residents of that city to participate directly in forging the city budget and thus use public resources previously diverted to patronage pay-offs to their roads and electrify their neighborhoods. In these way, the budget process discouraged long-standing traditions of clientelism and promoted what would be called 'synergistic relationship' or 'co-governance'.The participatory budget has produced a synergy between civil associational life, government action, redistribution of basic public goods, and the exercise of formal democratic freedom and human rights both in conventional and new public domains. There has been a real redistribution of public goods, a gradual broadening and deepening of participation, improving governance on the basis of results, transparency and stable institutional arrangements. In this sense, citizenship has become more substantial. So, we could speak of the local-level example of democratic consolidation, the creation of new associational incentives and space, and the overcome of the zero-sum approaches.I address some problems and a viewpoint on the local democracy and decentralization in the chapter 1. Next, chapter 2 examine the possibility of the state-society relationship focusing on mutual empowerment, ambivalence of localism and public space. Chapter 3 analyze the form and process of political reforms and decentralization in Mexico and Mexico City. Chapter 4 discuss mutual development between decentralization and civil society taking up El Barzon movement, NGO linkages to social movements and their networking with each other. Chapter 5 and 6 consider the questions how and to what extent did the participatory budget further the role of civil society, synergy between autonomous grassroots mobilization and associational life covering the four Worker's Party municipal administrations from 1989. Then I could conform a new 'public space' shared by the local state and grassroots organization. Less

本报告对墨西哥和巴西地方分权的权力分享安排进行了分析。这两个国家的社会和政治的特点是国家对公民社会的主导地位以及公民建设的巨大障碍。然而，墨西哥当前政治的特点是，在联邦、州和市三级政府中，存在着多元化、竞争以及权力整合和权力代表性的政治竞争。这种新的政治趋势是一种表达。民主化的长期过程在不同领域表现出来，同时改变了社会与政府之间的关系，特别是这种转变，即政府与社会之间民主关系的建立，已经在市一级和通过各种形式的公民……更多的社会参与影响了国家和州政府层面的变革。在巴西，劳工党对民主权力下放的支持也可以归因于它与自治运动的密切联系。从它诞生之日起（1980年），劳工党就是一个组织。社会运动该党是由教会、工会、农民协会、人权团体和一系列革命组织的进步分子组成的联盟，在其第一个十年中作为反对独裁政权及其社团主义结构的斗争工具而成立。自存在以来，工人党不断寻求与众多草根社会运动保持联系，并发展了高度分散的内部结构。阿雷格里港的参与式预算使该市的居民能够直接参与制定城市预算，从而利用以前被挪用的公共资源。通过这些方式，预算过程阻止了长期存在的依附主义传统，并促进了所谓的“协同关系”或“共同治理”。民间结社生活、政府行动、基本公共物品的重新分配以及传统和新公共领域中正式民主自由和人权的行使之间的协同作用已经实现了真正的公共物品的重新分配。逐步扩大和深化参与，在结果、透明度和稳定的制度安排的基础上改善治理。从这个意义上说，公民权已经变得更加实质性。因此，我们可以谈论地方层面的民主巩固和建立的例子。我在第一章中阐述了地方民主和权力下放的一些问题和观点。接下来，第二章考察了国家与社会关系的可能性，重点是相互的赋权、地方主义的矛盾心理和第三章分析了墨西哥和墨西哥城的政治改革和权力下放的形式和过程，第四章讨论了权力下放与参与埃尔巴松运动的民间社会之间的相互发展、非政府组织与社会运动的联系以及它们之间的联系。第 5 和第 6 部分考虑了以下问题：自 1989 年以来，参与性预算如何以及在多大程度上进一步发挥了公民社会的作用、自主基层动员和社团生活之间的协同作用，涵盖了四个工人党市政当局。然后我可以整合一个由当地国家和基层组织共享的新“公共空间”。

项目成果

途上国社会の現在-国家・開発・市民社会-

发展中社会的现状——国家、发展、公民社会——

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: AIBA;Kazuhiko;饗場 和彦;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;Matsushita Kiyoshi;Matsushita Kiyoshi;Matsushita Kiyoshi;Matsushita Kiyoshi;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;Matsushita Kiyoshi;Matsushita Kiyoshi;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽(編著)
• 通讯作者: 松下 冽(編著)

A Reconsideration on the Possibilities of States in the Developing Countries (3)

对发展中国家国家可能性的重新思考（3）

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: The Ritsumeikan Journal of International Studies Vol.19,No.1
• 作者: AIBA;Kazuhiko;饗場 和彦;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;Matsushita Kiyoshi
• 通讯作者: Matsushita Kiyoshi

発展途上国における国家の可能性再考(中)-「国家-開発-市民社会」の新たなトライアッド関係構築の視点から-

重新思考发展中国家的国家可能性（下二）——从构建“国家—发展—公民社会”新型三元关系的视角—

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 立命館国際研究 18巻2号
• 作者: AIBA;Kazuhiko;饗場 和彦;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;Matsushita Kiyoshi;Matsushita Kiyoshi;Matsushita Kiyoshi;Matsushita Kiyoshi;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽
• 通讯作者: 松下 冽

ブラジルにおける参加・民主主義・権力-労働者党とローカル政府への参加型政策-

巴西的参与、民主和权力 - 工人党和地方政府的参与性政策 -

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 立命館国際研究 18巻3号
• 作者: AIBA;Kazuhiko;饗場 和彦;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽
• 通讯作者: 松下 冽

Participation, democracy, and power in Brazil under the Worker's Party local governments program

巴西工人党地方政府计划下的参与、民主和权力

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: The Ritsumeikan Journal of International Studies Vol.18,No.3
• 作者: AIBA;Kazuhiko;饗場 和彦;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;松下 冽;Matsushita Kiyoshi;Matsushita Kiyoshi;Matsushita Kiyoshi;Matsushita Kiyoshi
• 通讯作者: Matsushita Kiyoshi