Rebellion, elections and the pandemic in the Central African Republic: Covid-19 and its impact on deep-seated patterns of governance

中非共和国的叛乱、选举和疫情：Covid-19 及其对根深蒂固的治理模式的影响

• 批准号: 468208645
• 负责人: Dr. Tim Glawion
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arnold-Bergstraesser-Institut für kulturwissenschaftliche Forschung e.V. Freiburg (ABI)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/468208645?language=en
• 关键词: Rebellion; elections; pandemic; Central; African

The pandemic reaches the Central African Republic (CAR) just when citizens were passing milestones for ending the country's conflicts through the implementation of a peace agreement and holding national elections. A new rebellion broke out in late 2020 that hindered medical access to some of the most impoverished areas of this country that continuously ranks second to last on the Human Development Index. An interplay of rebellion, elections and containing the Covid-19 pandemic have become the critical triangle deciding whether CAR can overcome its deep-seated patterns of governance that are stifling political and economic progress. These patterns are outsourced governance, marginalized peripheries and pluralized violence. The population has had its say: it is fed up with the rebels and it is ready for democratic change. A peace agreement in 2019 and elections in 2020 were supposed to turn the page. However, the pandemic monopolized international attention, enabled rebels to fly under the radar, and allowed governments to use emergency measures. Currently, the peace agreement has been violated to such absurd degrees that rebels have struck an agreement with former autocrat Bozizé, whom they had toppled years ago to strengthen their armed struggle against the current government. The elections were so fraught that the government’s legitimacy is at a low, leading it to engage in popular, but risky maneuverers against the rebels that are far beyond their military’s capacity. All the while, dealing with the pandemic is entirely left to international non-governmental organisations (and their internationally subsidised national counterparts), who have had to abandon many towns due to the fighting. Despite all this the story is only written halfway. The pragmatic, internationally coordinated handling of the pandemic with a few trustworthy, efficient national partners has led to relatively low infection rates (if numbers are credible). Treating the pandemic has again shown how dependent CAR is on international aid and how little the government or rebels are willing to provide services to their citizens. Over the coming months the pandemic could thus become a trigger that challenges the existing order rather than being used as a tool to continue extortionist policies. We thus ask, in how far has the Covid-19 pandemic deepened or ruptured CAR’s governance patterns? To study changing patterns of governance during the pandemic on a national level we conduct telephone interviews with key stakeholders from government, the UN mission, NGOs, and civil society. On a local level we use our well-established networks to collect data remotely in two peripheral localities and the capital. Combined, these data sources will allow us to observe how the Covid-19 pandemic challenges CAR’s deep-seated patterns of governance in the period of 2019 to 2021, which spans a peace agreement, elections, a pandemic, recurrence of rebellion, and developments to come.

当公民通过实施和平协议并举行全国选举来结束该国的冲突时，大流行就到达了中非共和国（CAR）。 2020年末，一场新的叛乱爆发了，阻碍了医疗通道进入该国一些最贫穷的地区，该地区继续在人类发展指数上排名第二。叛乱，选举和包含199大流行的叛乱，选举和包含的大流行已成为决定赛车是否可以克服其深层政治和经济进步的深层治理模式的关键三角。这些模式是外包治理，边缘化的外围设备和多元暴力。人口有发言权：它厌倦了叛军，并准备好民主变革。 2019年的和平协议和2020年的选举应该翻页。但是，大流行垄断了国际关注，使叛军能够在雷达下飞行，并允许政府采取紧急措施。目前，和平协议违反了如此荒谬的学位，叛乱分子与前独裁的博齐兹（Bozizé）达成协议，他们在几年前推翻了他们，以加强与现任政府的武装斗争。选举如此之大，以至于政府的合法性处于低调状态，导致其与对军队能力远远超出其军事能力的叛军进行了受欢迎但冒险的操纵。一直以来，与大流行有关，全部留给国际非政府组织（及其国际补贴的国家同行），他们由于战斗而不得不放弃许多城镇。尽管所有这些故事都只是书面的。务实的，国际协调的大流行处理具有一些值得信赖的，有效的国家伴侣，导致了相对低的感染率（如果数字是可信的话）。治疗大流行的情况再次表明了依赖汽车对国际援助的依赖程度以及政府或叛军愿意为其公民提供服务的程度很少。因此，在接下来的几个月中，大流行可能会成为挑战现有秩序的触发因素，而不是被用作继续勒索主义政策的工具。因此，我们问，在19009年大流行中，汽车的治理模式加深或破裂了多远？为了在全国范围内研究大流行期间改变治理模式，我们对政府，联合国使命，非政府组织和民间社会的主要利益相关者进行电话采访。在地方一级，我们使用良好的网络在两个外围地区和资本中远程收集数据。结合在一起，这些数据来源将使我们能够观察到2019年至2021年，COVID-19-19-大流行挑战如何在2019年至2021年期间跨越了和平协议，选举，大流行，叛乱的复发以及未来的发展。