Geodetic observation of geodynamic and glaciological processes at the Patagonian Ice Fields

巴塔哥尼亚冰原地球动力学和冰川过程的大地测量观测

• 批准号: 464551298
• 负责人: Dr.-Ing. Mirko Scheinert
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur für Geodätische Erdsystemforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/464551298?language=en
• 关键词: Geodetic; observation; geodynamic; glaciological; processes

Regionally in different ways, ice sheets, ice fields and glaciers are subject to mass changes in response to climate change, affecting valuable water resources, local hazards, global sea level and solid-earth processes. Today, the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Fields (NPI and SPI) undergo intense changes in extent, volume and mass. Yet, quantification and explanation of these changes remain uncertain. Ice-mass changes are interlinked with a substantial deformation of the underlying solid Earth. Uplift rates observed at the SPI are among the largest ice-induced rates worldwide. The exceptionally high magnitude of solid-earth deformation is related to the peculiar tectonic and rheological setting of the region, characterized by the subduction of a mid-oceanic ridge at the Chile Triple Junction, the opening of the Patagonian slab window and the upwelling of hot mantle material of very low viscosity. The modelling of load deformations in Patagonia – both of elastic deformation and glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA) – faces the challenges of the peculiar rheological setting, of the uncertainty of recent ice-mass change and of the limited observational basis not only on Earth surface deformation.In order to improve this observational basis, this proposal aims to realise different measurement campaigns which will be closely coordinated in order to economise on costs. First, in close cooperation with a project lead by M. Braun (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) we will realize geophysical-glaciological flight campaigns of the Patagonian ice fields using the aircraft Polar-5/6 of Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI). Conducting these flight campaigns we will acquire airborne measurements of ice-surface height, of the internal layering of the ice bodies, and of the gravity field at the SPI and NPI. Second, it is aimed to carry out repeated geodetic GNSS measurements at existing markers both in Chilean and Argentinean Patagonia. As a result of these observation campaigns and the raw data processing we will obtain 3D coordinates of the flight trajectory, ice-surface elevation along the flight profiles, and gravity disturbances for both the SPI and NPI. For up to 35 sites in the region Puerto Natales – Torres del Paine (Chile) and east of the SPI (Provincia Santa Cruz, Argentina), respectively, we will obtain vertical and horizontal deformation rates.The temporal and financial efforts to realize the anticipated measurements are substantial. For both the flight campaigns and the GNSS field campaigns in southern Patagonia logistics are challenging considering complicated weather conditions, and especially for the ground-based works, long distances and difficult access to measurement sites. Thus, this proposal focusses solely on the acquisition of new data and the subsequent processing of the raw data. An integral analysis and interpretation of all acquired observables will be subject to a separate (subsequent) project.

在不同方式上，冰盖，冰场和辉煌的人会因气候变化而遭受质量变化，影响宝贵的水资源，当地危害，全球海平面和固体地球过程。如今，北部和南部的巴塔哥尼亚冰场（NPI和SPI）发生了巨大的变化，体积和质量的变化。然而，这些变化的量化和解释仍然不确定。冰块变化与基础固体的实质变形相互联系。在SPI处观察到的上升率是全球最大的冰引起的速率之一。固体地球变形的极高幅度与该地区的奇特构造和流变学背景有关，其特征是智利三连接处的中偏脊的俯冲，巴塔哥尼亚平板窗口的打开以及非常低粘度的热斗式材料的上升。巴塔哥尼亚负荷变形的建模 - 弹性变形和冰川异位调整（GIA） - 面临着特殊的流变学环境的挑战，最近的冰质量变化的不确定性以及有限的观察力基础的不确定性以及对地球表面变形的有限观测基础的挑战，不仅要在阶层上依靠这种成本，以提高经济范围，以衡量依据。首先，在与M. Braun（Fau Erlangen-Nürnberg）领导的一项项目中，我们将使用Alfred Wegener Institute（AWI）的飞机Polar-5/6实现Putagonian Ice Fields的地球物理冰川飞行运动。进行这些飞行运动，我们将获得空降的冰面高度，冰体内部分层以及SPI和NPI的重力场的测量值。其次，其目的是在智利和阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚的现有标记物上进行重复的大地GNSS测量。由于这些观察活动和原始数据处理，我们将获得飞行轨迹的3D坐标，沿飞行概况的冰面抬高以及SPI和NPI的重力灾难。对于该地区波多黎各地区的最多35个地点 - 分别为SPI（智利）和SPI（阿根廷圣克鲁斯省）以东，我们将获得垂直和水平变形率。实现预期的测量值是实质的。考虑到复杂的天气条件，尤其是在基于地面的工程，长距离和难以进入测量地点的情况下，在巴塔哥尼亚南部的飞行运动和GNSS现场运动都受到挑战。这就是该提案仅着重于获取新数据和随后的原始数据处理。对所有可爱的可观察物的整体分析和解释将受到一个单独的（随后的）项目。