Geodetic observation of geodynamic and glaciological processes at the Patagonian Ice Fields

巴塔哥尼亚冰原地球动力学和冰川过程的大地测量观测

• 批准号: 464551298
• 负责人: Dr.-Ing. Mirko Scheinert
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur für Geodätische Erdsystemforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/464551298?language=en
• 关键词: Geodetic; observation; geodynamic; glaciological; processes

Regionally in different ways, ice sheets, ice fields and glaciers are subject to mass changes in response to climate change, affecting valuable water resources, local hazards, global sea level and solid-earth processes. Today, the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Fields (NPI and SPI) undergo intense changes in extent, volume and mass. Yet, quantification and explanation of these changes remain uncertain. Ice-mass changes are interlinked with a substantial deformation of the underlying solid Earth. Uplift rates observed at the SPI are among the largest ice-induced rates worldwide. The exceptionally high magnitude of solid-earth deformation is related to the peculiar tectonic and rheological setting of the region, characterized by the subduction of a mid-oceanic ridge at the Chile Triple Junction, the opening of the Patagonian slab window and the upwelling of hot mantle material of very low viscosity. The modelling of load deformations in Patagonia – both of elastic deformation and glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA) – faces the challenges of the peculiar rheological setting, of the uncertainty of recent ice-mass change and of the limited observational basis not only on Earth surface deformation.In order to improve this observational basis, this proposal aims to realise different measurement campaigns which will be closely coordinated in order to economise on costs. First, in close cooperation with a project lead by M. Braun (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) we will realize geophysical-glaciological flight campaigns of the Patagonian ice fields using the aircraft Polar-5/6 of Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI). Conducting these flight campaigns we will acquire airborne measurements of ice-surface height, of the internal layering of the ice bodies, and of the gravity field at the SPI and NPI. Second, it is aimed to carry out repeated geodetic GNSS measurements at existing markers both in Chilean and Argentinean Patagonia. As a result of these observation campaigns and the raw data processing we will obtain 3D coordinates of the flight trajectory, ice-surface elevation along the flight profiles, and gravity disturbances for both the SPI and NPI. For up to 35 sites in the region Puerto Natales – Torres del Paine (Chile) and east of the SPI (Provincia Santa Cruz, Argentina), respectively, we will obtain vertical and horizontal deformation rates.The temporal and financial efforts to realize the anticipated measurements are substantial. For both the flight campaigns and the GNSS field campaigns in southern Patagonia logistics are challenging considering complicated weather conditions, and especially for the ground-based works, long distances and difficult access to measurement sites. Thus, this proposal focusses solely on the acquisition of new data and the subsequent processing of the raw data. An integral analysis and interpretation of all acquired observables will be subject to a separate (subsequent) project.

在不同地区，冰盖、冰和冰川因气候变化而发生大规模变化，影响着宝贵的水资源、当地灾害、全球海平面和固体地球过程。 NPI 和 SPI）在范围、体积和质量上发生了剧烈变化，然而，这些变化的量化和解释仍然不确定。是全球最大的冰引起的速率之一。固体地球变形的异常高强度与该地区独特的构造和流变环境有关，其特点是智利三重交界处的大洋中脊俯冲。巴塔哥尼亚板片窗口和极低粘度的热地幔材料的上涌对巴塔哥尼亚的载荷变形进行建模 - 包括弹性变形和冰川均衡调整。 (GIA) – 面临着特殊的流变环境、近期冰块变化的不确定性以及有限的观测基础的挑战，而不仅仅是地球表面变形。为了改善这种观测基础，本提案旨在实现不同的测量为了节省成本，我们将密切协调各项活动，首先，与 M. Braun（FAU 埃尔兰根-纽伦堡）领导的项目密切合作，我们将实现巴塔哥尼亚冰原的地球物理-冰川飞行活动。使用阿尔弗雷德韦格纳研究所 (AWI) 的 Polar-5/6 飞机进行这些飞行活动，我们将获得冰面高度、冰体内部分层以及 SPI 和 NPI 重力场的机载测量结果。其次，旨在对智利和阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚的现有标记进行重复的大地测量 GNSS 测量。通过这些观测活动和原始数据处理，我们将获得飞行轨迹的 3D 坐标。沿飞行剖面的冰面高度，以及 SPI 和 NPI 的重力扰动，分别适用于纳塔莱斯港 - 托雷斯德尔潘恩（智利）和 SPI 东部（阿根廷圣克鲁斯省）地区的多达 35 个站点。 ，我们将获得垂直和水平变形率。考虑到复杂的天气条件，特别是对于巴塔哥尼亚南部物流的飞行活动和 GNSS 现场活动来说，实现预期测量所需的时间和财务努力都非常具有挑战性。因此，该提案仅关注新数据的获取以及对所有获取的可观测值的后续处理。 （后续）项目。