Reevaluation of chum salmon artificial propagation in Japan using genetic retrospective analysis

利用遗传回顾分析重新评估日本鲑鱼人工繁殖

基本信息

批准号：
15580172
负责人：
HAYASHIZAKI Ken-ichi
金额：
$ 1.73万
依托单位：
Kitasato University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15580172/
关键词：
chum salmon mitochondrial DNA microsatellite DNA scale growth analysis density dependent effect hatchery population genetic diversity mtDNA

项目摘要

To reevaluate artificial propagation program in Japan genetic and ecological analysis were conducted utilizing fish scale archives. Firstly a complete sequence of mitochondrial gene was determined for chum salmon. To find polymorphic sites in protein coding regions on DNA sequences samples from remotely distanced populations are compared. Sequences of about 1000 by in ND2 region on mitochondrial gene were determined. Three polymorphic sites were found in about 200 bp length with that region. As for microsatellite DNA 6 loci were investigated, and high length variation was observed on Oke3 locus. Genetic diversity was highest in Iwate population, followed by Ibaraki population and lowest in Alaska population. The amount and PCR amplification of extracted DNA from archived fish scales were compared among the durations of time for preservation. For 2 years preservation we yield enough amount of DNA with good qualities. From samples older than 10 up to 30 years degraded but comparable amount of DNA to 2 years preservation samples was extracted. Size decrease of chum salmon returned to Iwate prefecture in 1980s was explained by stunted growth at first and a year before return, which is a result of density dependent effect. On the other hand during recent low return rate period, size at return was recovered comparable to that in early 1980s. The correlation analysis between return rate and environmental factors such as water temperature near shore did not necessarily show significant relationships. To validate the age determination method using fish scales we tried otolith observation. Some otoliths have dark inner part, which disturbed the clear view of first year rings. We did not get any proof to deny the accuracy of scale age determination. We measured carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotope ratios using chum scales. Except for sulfur each isotope value had own pattern of annual fluctuation.

为了重新评估日本的人工繁殖计划，利用鱼鳞档案进行了遗传和生态分析。首先确定了鲑鱼线粒体基因的完整序列。为了找到 DNA 序列上蛋白质编码区的多态性位点，对来自遥远群体的样本进行了比较。确定了线粒体基因上ND2区域约1000个序列。在该区域约200bp的长度中发现了3个多态性位点。对于微卫星DNA，研究了6个基因座，并且在Oke3基因座上观察到了高长度变异。岩手种群遗传多样性最高，茨城种群次之，阿拉斯加种群遗传多样性最低。比较保存时间之间从存档鱼鳞中提取的 DNA 的量和 PCR 扩增。经过 2 年的保存，我们获得了足够数量且品质优良的 DNA。从 10 年至 30 年降解的样本中提取出与 2 年保存样本相当的 DNA 量。 20 世纪 80 年代返回岩手县的鲑鱼体型减小的原因是最初和返回前一年生长发育迟缓，这是密度依赖效应的结果。另一方面，在最近的低回报率时期，回报率已恢复到与 20 世纪 80 年代初相当。回归率与近岸水温等环境因素的相关分析并不一定表现出显着的关系。为了验证使用鱼鳞的年龄测定方法，我们尝试了耳石观察。有些耳石内部呈黑色，影响了第一年轮的清晰视野。我们没有得到任何证据来否认秤龄测定的准确性。我们使用密闭天平测量了碳、氮和硫同位素比率。除硫外，每种同位素值都有自己的年度波动模式。