Comparative Research on the History of the Reception and the Appreciation of The Story of Little Black Sambo in the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Japan

《小黑三宝的故事》在英、美、日三国接受与欣赏历史的比较研究

• 批准号: 15520238
• 负责人: TODAYAMA Midori
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: Hachinohe National College of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15520238/
• 关键词: Cultural Studies; Children's Literature in English; Education of Language Arts (in Japan); Picture Books; Iconology; Representation of "the Race"; Colonialism; Censorship; 児童文学; ちびくろサンボ

In this project, I tried to figure out the image of the "ideal child" in the history of Japanese Children's Literature. In this genre, some writers expect their texts to have values not only for young children but also for adults. The ideology on the "ideal child", however, defined the child reader as the best one. In order to consider the problem more broadly and deeply, attention was paid to the relationship between child and race. I mainly investigated what the representation of "black" in Little Black Sambo has meant and how the book has been introduced or received in Japan, where people are rather unconscious about the matter of the racial depiction.The research made it clear that even in English speaking countries, where people might be keen on racial problems, the recognition of the racial representation is not sufficient. Tracing the history of immigrants in Britain and the conflict involved in their reception showed that sometimes even the West Indians and the Indians were described as "black". Recently in the USA, several new versions of Little Black Sambo came to be published after the long period of the "absence" in school and public libraries. Yet, the new versions have their own issues.I have visited the libraries in London, Edinburgh and New York. The precious visual resources stocked in those places have helped the project very much. It is necessary to introduce some of them, which are scarcely known in Japan, to the Japanese readers. One of my results was composed "The Story of Little Black Sambo as a Hidden Teaching Material : On its Reception and Evaluation in the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Japan". It was submitted, as a doctoral thesis, to Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University and accepted in 2005.

在这个项目中，我试图弄清楚日本儿童文学史上“理想的孩子”的形象。在这一类型中，一些作家希望他们的文本不仅对幼儿有价值，而且对成年人也有价值。然而，“理想儿童”的意识形态将儿童读者定义为最好的读者。为了更广泛、更深入地思考这个问题，人们开始关注儿童与种族之间的关系。我主要调查了《小黑三宝》中“黑人”的代表意味着什么，以及这本书在日本是如何被介绍或接受的，日本人对种族描述的问题相当无意识。研究表明，即使是英语在某些国家，人们可能热衷于种族问题，但对种族代表性的认识还不够。追溯英国移民的历史以及他们的接待过程中所涉及的冲突表明，有时甚至西印度人和印第安人也被描述为“黑人”。最近在美国，在学校和公共图书馆长期“缺席”之后，《小黑三宝》的几个新版本开始出版。然而，新版本也有自己的问题。我参观过伦敦、爱丁堡和纽约的图书馆。这些地方储备的宝贵视觉资源对这个项目有很大帮助。有必要向日本读者介绍其中一些在日本鲜为人知的内容。我的成果之一是《作为隐性教材的小黑三宝的故事：英国、美国和日本的接受和评价》。它作为博士论文提交给名古屋大学国际发展研究生院并于2005年被接收。

项目成果

The Story of Little Black Sambo as a Hidden Teaching Material : On its Reception and Evaluation in the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Japan

隐秘教材《小黑三宝》的故事：论其在英国、美国和日本的接受与评价

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: a doctoral thesis, to Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University
• 作者: Todayama;Midori
• 通讯作者: Midori

隠れた教材としての『ちびくろサンボ』-英国、アメリカ合衆国、日本における受容と評価について

《樱桃三宝》作为隐性教材——英国、美国、日本的接受和评价

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科 博士論文
• 作者: 青野繁治;今泉秀人;福家道信;戸田山 みどり
• 通讯作者: 戸田山 みどり