Research concerning the development of motor learning strategies : To what extent do people know how to learn motor skills?

关于运动学习策略发展的研究：人们在多大程度上知道如何学习运动技能？

基本信息

批准号：
15500403
负责人：
KUDO Koki
金额：
$ 0.7万
依托单位：
Fukushima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15500403/
关键词：
motor learning learning strategy motor skill self regulated learning development metacognition modeling モデリング

项目摘要

Former studies regarding selfregulated learning strategy seeks to clarify appropriate strategies for learning motor skills by comparing the differences in learning strategies, which have been autonomously adopted by students, between those who ranked high and those who ranked low in terms of performance. However, this approach simply allows researchers to identify the differences in learning strategies between those who perform at a superior level and those who perform at an inferior level but cannot be used to determine whether such strategies are optimal. In order to determine the extent to which people know how to learn motor skills, it is necessary to compare learning strategies autonomously employed by students with the best approach to learning for learning such motor skills.Three experiments were conducted to clarify these points. Subjects viewed a videotape depicting a model performance and were instructed to remember the moves demonstrated by the model. The results of the first two experiments indicated that the best learning method entails first focusing on memorizing a sequence of moves while engaged in overt rehearsal, then, after the memory is formed, practicing the recall of motor skills according to the adaptive tuning method based on this memory.Another experiment was performed to compare a free practice condition and a guided practice condition under which subjects, comprising primary school students and university students, were instructed to practice using the aforementioned best learning method. The results indicated that the guided practice condition was superior to the free practice condition in terms of learning performance for not only primary school students but also university students. These results suggest that metacognition with respect to the method of learning motor skills is not sufficiently established in people, irrespective of whether they are primary school students or university students.

关于自我调节学习策略的前研究旨在通过比较学生在排名较高的人和表现较低的人之间自主采用的学习策略的差异来阐明学习运动技能的适当策略。但是，这种方法仅允许研究人员确定在较高级别上表现的人与在较低级别上执行的人之间的学习策略差异，但不能用于确定此类策略是否最佳。为了确定人们知道如何学习运动技能的程度，有必要比较学生自主利用学习这种运动技能的学习策略。进行了三项实验以阐明这些观点。受试者查看了描绘模型性能的录像带，并被指示记住模型所展示的动作。前两个实验的结果表明，最好的学习方法首先要重点是记住一系列动作，同时进行公开的排练，然后，在记忆中，在成立记忆之后，根据此记忆的自适应调谐方法练习运动技能，以这种记忆为基础的自适应调谐方法。上述最佳学习方法。结果表明，在不仅小学生和大学生的学习表现方面，指导的实践状况优于自由练习条件。这些结果表明，关于学习运动技能的方法的元认知在人中不足以建立，而不论他们是小学生还是大学生。