Spread of pathogenic bacteria with movement and established of domestic animals From the historical view point of pathogenic ecology, origin of native Japanese horses going back to South Korea, China, and Mongolia

病原菌随着家畜的移动和定居而传播从病原生态学的历史角度来看，日本本土马的起源可以追溯到韩国、中国和蒙古

基本信息

批准号：
14405031
负责人：
TAKAI Shinji
金额：
$ 4.54万
依托单位：
Kitasato University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

There are eight native horse breeds in Japan (Hokkaido, Kiso, Noma, Misaki, Tokara, Taishu, Miyako, and Yonaguni) and each is thought to have originated principally from the Mongolian horse. On the island of Cheju, the native horse has been present for about 700 years since the Mongolians introduced their horses to the island. We hypothesized that the transmission to Japan of the virulent form of R.equi, with its various virulence plasmid types, may have occurred with the migration of native horses from the Mongolian grasslands. However, there has been no information about the distribution of virulent R.equi in native horses in Korea, China and Mongolia.Rbodococcus equi was isolated from fecal and soil samples from four native Jeju horse farms and six Thoroughbred farms in Jeju, Korea. The isolates were examined for the presence of virulence-associated 15 ミ 17-kDa antigens (VapA) by colony blotting, using the monoclonal antibody 10G5, and for the gene encoding VapA by PCR. R.equi was i … More solated from all 36 soil samples collected from the 10 farms with between 5.0 to 10^2 and 7.5 to 10^4 colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of soil, and from 37 of 40 fecal samples with between 5.0 to 10^1 and 1.1 to 10^5 cfu per gram of feces. Virulent R.equi was isolated from seven farm and appeared in 2.0% of isolates (10 of 508). Of the 10 virulent isolates, four contained a 90-kb type II plasmid, which has been found in isolates from the Kiso native horses of Japan, and the other six contained a new variant, which did not display the EcoRI and EcoT22I digestion patterns of the 10 representative plasmids already reported (85-kb types I, II, III, and IV ; 87-kb types I and II ; 90-kb types I, II, III, and IV). We designated the new variant as the 90-kb type V plasmid, because its EcoRI digestion pattern is similar to that of the 90-kb type II plasmid. This is the first report of the prevalence of virulent R.equi in Jeju, Korea. The same virulence plasmid type is found in both Korean and Japanese isolates, providing insight intro the origin, ancestry, and dispersal of native horses in Korea and Japan.In native Mongolian horses, the incidence and distribution of Rhodococcus equi are poorly understood. One hundred and fourteen equine fecal samples and 71 soil samples were collected from the camp sites of 26 nomadic families located in three areas less than 100 km from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Five fecal samples were also collected from foals of Przewalski's Horses introduced into the Hustai National Park, Mongolia. No R.equi was isolated from the Mongolian horses or the soil samples. However, three colonies of R.equi were isolated from two fecal samples collected from foals of Przewalski's Horses. These isolates were avirulent, with neither 15- to 17-kDa antigens (VapA) nor a 20-kDa antigen (VapB) being detected. We concluded that native Mongolian horses and their environment appear free from contamination with R.equi.In conclusion, further studies on the molecular epidemiology of native horses in Mongolia, China, and Korea are needed. Less

日本有八种本地马品种（北海道，基索，诺玛，马萨基，托卡拉，田，宫科和Yonaguni），每个人都认为每个人都主要来自蒙古马。自从蒙古人将马匹介绍给该岛以来，在Cheju岛上已经出席了大约700年。我们假设，随着天然马从蒙古草原的迁移，可能发生了向日本传播毒性形式的r.equi及其各种质粒的传播。但是，尚无关于韩国，中国和蒙古在本地马匹中有毒的r.equi分布的信息。从四个本地济州马马农场和韩国济州岛的六个纯种马农场和六个纯种农场中分离出等效的rbodococcus。使用单克隆抗体10G5和PCR编码VAPA的基因，检查了分离株是否存在菌落斑点的毒性相关15 17 kDa抗原（VAPA）。 R.Equi是我…从10至10^2至10^2至10^4群菌落形成单位（CFU）的所有36种土壤样品中更加固化，从每克土壤中，以及40个粪便中的37个，在5.0至10^1至10^1至10^1至1.1至1.1至1.1至1.1至10^5 CFU之间。从七个农场分离出强大的r.equi，并出现在2.0％的分离株中（508个中的10个）。 Of the 10 virulent isolates, four contained a 90-kb type II plasmid, which has been found in isolates from the Kiso native horses of Japan, and the other six contained a new variant, which did not display the EcoRI and EcoT22I digestion patterns of the 10 representative plasmids already reported (85-kb types I, II, III, and IV ; 87-kb types I and II ; 90-kb types I, II，III和IV）。我们将新变体设计为90-kb型V质粒，因为其ECORI消化模式与90-KB II型质粒相似。这是韩国济州有毒r.equi患病率的第一个报告。在韩国和日本分离株中都发现了相同的病毒质粒类型，从而提供了洞察力的介绍，其起源，血统和分散在韩国和日本。在蒙古的马匹中，若多群岛的事件和分布知之甚少。从距蒙古乌拉班巴塔尔（Ulaanbaatar）不到100公里的三个地区的26个游牧家庭的营地收集了141个马粪便样品和71种土壤样品。还从引入蒙古Hustai国家公园的Przewalski马足球中收集了五个粪便样本。没有从蒙古马或土壤样品中分离出R.Equi。但是，从Przewalski马匹驹收集的两个粪便样品中分离出三个菌落。这些分离株是含糊的，既没有15至17 kDa抗原（VAPA），也没有检测到20 kDa抗原（VAPB）。我们得出的结论是，蒙古马匹及其环境似乎不受r.equi的污染。总而言之，需要进一步研究蒙古，中国和韩国的本地马的分子流行病学。较少的