Spread of pathogenic bacteria with movement and established of domestic animals From the historical view point of pathogenic ecology, origin of native Japanese horses going back to South Korea, China, and Mongolia

病原菌随着家畜的移动和定居而传播从病原生态学的历史角度来看，日本本土马的起源可以追溯到韩国、中国和蒙古

基本信息

批准号：
14405031
负责人：
TAKAI Shinji
金额：
$ 4.54万
依托单位：
Kitasato University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

There are eight native horse breeds in Japan (Hokkaido, Kiso, Noma, Misaki, Tokara, Taishu, Miyako, and Yonaguni) and each is thought to have originated principally from the Mongolian horse. On the island of Cheju, the native horse has been present for about 700 years since the Mongolians introduced their horses to the island. We hypothesized that the transmission to Japan of the virulent form of R.equi, with its various virulence plasmid types, may have occurred with the migration of native horses from the Mongolian grasslands. However, there has been no information about the distribution of virulent R.equi in native horses in Korea, China and Mongolia.Rbodococcus equi was isolated from fecal and soil samples from four native Jeju horse farms and six Thoroughbred farms in Jeju, Korea. The isolates were examined for the presence of virulence-associated 15 ミ 17-kDa antigens (VapA) by colony blotting, using the monoclonal antibody 10G5, and for the gene encoding VapA by PCR. R.equi was i … More solated from all 36 soil samples collected from the 10 farms with between 5.0 to 10^2 and 7.5 to 10^4 colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of soil, and from 37 of 40 fecal samples with between 5.0 to 10^1 and 1.1 to 10^5 cfu per gram of feces. Virulent R.equi was isolated from seven farm and appeared in 2.0% of isolates (10 of 508). Of the 10 virulent isolates, four contained a 90-kb type II plasmid, which has been found in isolates from the Kiso native horses of Japan, and the other six contained a new variant, which did not display the EcoRI and EcoT22I digestion patterns of the 10 representative plasmids already reported (85-kb types I, II, III, and IV ; 87-kb types I and II ; 90-kb types I, II, III, and IV). We designated the new variant as the 90-kb type V plasmid, because its EcoRI digestion pattern is similar to that of the 90-kb type II plasmid. This is the first report of the prevalence of virulent R.equi in Jeju, Korea. The same virulence plasmid type is found in both Korean and Japanese isolates, providing insight intro the origin, ancestry, and dispersal of native horses in Korea and Japan.In native Mongolian horses, the incidence and distribution of Rhodococcus equi are poorly understood. One hundred and fourteen equine fecal samples and 71 soil samples were collected from the camp sites of 26 nomadic families located in three areas less than 100 km from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Five fecal samples were also collected from foals of Przewalski's Horses introduced into the Hustai National Park, Mongolia. No R.equi was isolated from the Mongolian horses or the soil samples. However, three colonies of R.equi were isolated from two fecal samples collected from foals of Przewalski's Horses. These isolates were avirulent, with neither 15- to 17-kDa antigens (VapA) nor a 20-kDa antigen (VapB) being detected. We concluded that native Mongolian horses and their environment appear free from contamination with R.equi.In conclusion, further studies on the molecular epidemiology of native horses in Mongolia, China, and Korea are needed. Less

日本有八种本土马（北海道马、木曾马、野马马、三崎马、吐噶喇马、太州马、宫古马和与那国马），每种马都被认为主要起源于蒙古马。自从蒙古人将他们的马引入该岛以来，该病毒已经存在了大约 700 年。我们发现，具有多种毒力的马马蹄疫病毒传播到了日本。质粒类型，可能是随着来自蒙古草原的本土马的迁徙而出现的。但是，还没有关于韩国、中国和蒙古本土马中有毒力马R.equi分布的信息。马红球菌是从粪便和土壤中分离出来的。对来自韩国济州岛的四个本地济州马场和六个纯种马场的样本进行了检查，以确定是否存在与毒力相关的 15-kDa 抗原。 (VapA) 通过菌落印迹，使用单克隆抗体 10G5，并通过 PCR 从 10 个农场收集的所有 36 个土壤样本中分离出编码 VapA 的基因，其浓度在 5.0 至 10^2 至 7.5 之间。每克土壤有 10^4 个菌落形成单位 (cfu)，40 个粪便样本中的 37 个样本的菌落形成单位在 5.0 至从 7 个农场中分离出每克粪便 10^1 和 1.1 至 10^5 cfu 的毒力 R.equi，并出现在 2.0% 的分离株中（508 个毒力分离株中的 10 个），其中 4 个含有 90-kb 类型。 II 质粒，在日本木曾本地马的分离株中发现，其他六个质粒包含一个新变体，该变体不显示 EcoRI 和已报道的 10 种代表性质粒的 EcoT22I 消化模式（85 kb I、II、III 和 IV 型；87 kb I 和 II 型；90 kb I、II、III 和 IV 型）我们指定了新的质粒。变体为 90-kb V 型质粒，因为其 EcoRI 消化模式与 90-kb II 型质粒相似。这是关于强毒流行的第一份报告。韩国济州岛的马R.equi 在韩国和日本的分离株中都发现了相同的毒力质粒类型，这为了解韩国和日本本土马的起源、祖先和传播提供了见解。我们对马红球菌知之甚少，我们从位于 100 公里以内的 3 个地区的 26 个游牧家庭的营地采集了 114 个马粪便样本和 71 个土壤样本。来自蒙古乌兰巴托的马驹的粪便样本也被从蒙古马或土壤样本中分离出来。从普氏原羚马驹的两份粪便样本中分离出来的这些菌株无毒，不具有 15 至 17 kDa 抗原。 (VapA) 和 20-kDa 抗原 (VapB) 均被检测到，我们的结论是，蒙古本土马及其环境似乎没有受到马R.equi 的污染。总之，对中国蒙古本土马的分子流行病学进行了进一步的研究。韩国则需要较少。