Studies on Movement and Transformation of Inorganic Nitrogen in Porous Media

无机氮在多孔介质中的运动转化研究

基本信息

批准号：
12460113
负责人：
MITSUNO Toru
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We clarified mechanisms of fate of nitrogen cycling in two different agricultural lands that are upland field and paddy field in order to propose the management of nitrogen cycling by artificially controlling water environments.(1) In Japan, both andosol and sand are typical soils for upland field. Nitrification, the process of producing nitrate, in andosol was relatively higher than in dune sand because andosol had the developed pore structures. We formulated nitrification process and ammonia and nitrate movements under infiltration in two types of soil.(2) Liquid dairy manure nitrogen applied to field soil in California is important issue because nitrate contamination of groundwater has been very serious problem. Movement and transformation of organic-, ammonia-, and nitrate-nitrogen in an irrigated double crop corn-grain rotation could be modeled numerically including mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification. It would be helpful for decision of the management of manure and the optimal design of dairy farming.(3) In terrace paddy fields, spatial and temporal changes in redox environment in soil at the part of slopes were considerably complex. Hydrogeochemical and molecular biological approaches showed that the existence of the slope played important roles in nitrogen cycling in terrace paddy filed.(4) We designed and made up the bio-reactor of denitrification to examine activities of denitrifying bacteria in porous media that were flexible against the change in the surrounding environment. Bio-reactor system was available to clean-up of nitrate in water quality control system.(5) Molecular biological approaches using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and DGGE (Denatured Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) techniques are found to be very useful for analyzing consortia of bacteria in porous media.

我们阐明了旱田和水田两种不同农业用地氮循环的命运机制，以提出通过人为控制水环境来管理氮循环的方案。（1）在日本，安土土和沙土都是典型的旱地土壤场地。由于安多土具有发达的孔隙结构，安多土中的硝化作用（产生硝酸盐的过程）比沙丘沙中的硝化作用相对较高。我们制定了两种土壤中的硝化过程以及渗透下氨和硝酸盐的运动。(2)在加利福尼亚州，由于地下水的硝酸盐污染问题非常严重，液体奶牛粪氮应用于田间土壤是一个重要的问题。灌溉双季玉米-谷物轮作中有机氮、氨氮和硝态氮的运动和转化可以进行数值模拟，包括矿化、硝化和反硝化。这有助于粪便管理决策和奶牛养殖优化设计。(3)梯田坡地部分土壤氧化还原环境的时空变化相当复杂。水文地球化学和分子生物学方法表明，坡度的存在对梯田氮循环具有重要作用。(4)设计并制作了反硝化生物反应器，用于检测多孔介质中反硝化细菌的活性，该反应器具有良好的反硝化能力。周围环境的变化。生物反应器系统可用于净化水质控制系统中的硝酸盐。(5) 使用 PCR（聚合酶链式反应）和 DGGE（变性梯度凝胶电泳）技术的分子生物学方法被发现对于分析微生物群落非常有用。多孔介质中的细菌。