Estimates of gust wind speeds in Kyushu area for a wind hazard map

九州地区阵风风速估算，绘制风灾图

• 批准号: 12450227
• 负责人: MAEDA Junji
• 金额: $ 9.15万
• 依托单位: Kyushu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12450227/
• 关键词: gust factor; wind disaster; local wind of terrain; NeWMeK; damage rate of houses; map of maximum wind speed; duration of strong wind; 風向別突風率; 局地風; 強風災害; 年最大風速; 強風観測; 広域観測; 風洞実験; 強風被害; 広域風観測

(1) The properties of the gust factors of mean wind speed of over 15 m/s were investigated based on the data of the network of wind measurement in Kyushu (NeWMeK) from 1994 to 2002, which has 122 measurement stations, and the digital information of each terrain. The data of each station are arranged by typhoon or non-typhoon, 16 directions of wind, its weather condition and its topography of terrain.(2) It is indicated that the gust factors in typhoon are higher than those in non-typhoon: 1.9 in typhoon and 1.7 in non-typhoon. When typhoon approaches, the gust factor does not decrease even though the mean wind speeds are high. And so a maximum gust speed is estimated to be a much higher wind speed. Moreover, the maximum gust is much higher in southern wind than in northern wind.(3) The property of increase of wind speed at Shiranui-cho of Kumamoto prefecture was investigated by wind tunnel test. It is found that the temperature gradient of the approaching wind profile affects strongly the increase of wind in the lower layer. The stability of a stratified wind flow is enhanced by a cooled plate using a dry-ice box located at the wind tunnel surface. However, it is difficult to estimate the local wind speed in a mixed area such as a deep river and a deep valley floor.(4) Most of the investigation of the relationship between residential damage rates and wind speeds based on information of damaged residential houses by Typhoon Bart(1999) indicate clearer relation to a instantaneous wind speed. For wind speeds of exceeding 30 m/s, the damage rate exponentially increases. In addition, the duration of wind affects strongly the damage rates in case of wind speeds of over 35 m/s.(5) We have produced the instantaneous maximum wind speed map of Kyushu, by combining our information of gust factors and the map of expected wind speeds for a return period of a hundred years. This wind speed map is applicable to suggest a wind hazard map of residential houses and buildings.

（1）根据1994年至2002年在九州（Newmek）的风测量网络的数据，研究了平均风速超过15 m/s的阵风因子的性质，该数据具有122个测量站，以及每个地形的数字信息。每个站点的数据由台风或非元音，16个风向，其天气状况和地形地形进行排列。（2）表明，台风中的阵风因子高于非式台风中的阵风因子：台风中的阵风高于台风中的阵风和1.9。当台风接近时，即使平均风速很高，阵风因子也不会降低。因此，估计最大的阵风速度是更高的风速。此外，南风的最大阵风要比北风高得多。（3）通过风洞测试研究了库马托县Shiranui-cho的风速提高的特性。发现接近风轮廓的温度梯度会严重影响下层风的增加。使用位于风隧道表面的干冰盒来增强分层风流的稳定性。但是，很难估算混合区域（例如深河和深山谷地板）中的当地风速。（4）基于Typhoon Bart（1999）根据损坏的住宅房屋的信息，对住宅损害速率和风速之间的关系的大部分研究表明，与瞬时风速相关。对于超过30 m/s的风速，损害率指数增加。此外，如果风速超过35 m/s（5），风速会严重影响损害速率。（5）我们通过结合我们的阵风因子的信息和一百年回报期的预期风速的信息，从而产生了九州的瞬时最大风速图。此风速图适用于建议住宅和建筑物的风危害图。