Monitoring frazil ice processes and hydrodynamics in aquatic habitats

监测水生栖息地中的碎冰过程和流体动力学

• 批准号: 422227-2012
• 负责人: Hicks, Faye
• 金额: $ 2.27万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments - Category 1 (<$150,000)
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=495750
• 关键词: Monitoring; frazil; ice; processes; hydrodynamics

Winter is a particularly stressful time for fish, since cold water temperatures will slow metabolism and ice can infest habitat, limiting safe refuge and food supply. Of particular concern on small streams is anchor ice - which is comprised of small particles of ice, known as 'frazil', that form in turbulent supercooled water. Until a solid ice cover forms - water supercooling is persistent in natural streams and copious amounts of frazil can form. Supercooling also causes the frazil particles to be highly adhesive and so they can readily bond to rocks and gravel on the stream bed. If the gravel particles are heavy enough to counteract the buoyant effects of the ice (which is lighter than the water), then the ice will be 'anchored' on the bed - thus the term 'anchor ice'.

冬季对鱼类来说是一个压力特别大的时期，因为寒冷的水温会减缓新陈代谢，冰会侵袭栖息地，限制安全避难所和食物供应。 小溪流中特别令人担忧的是锚冰——它由小冰粒组成，被称为“冰晶”，在湍流的过冷水中形成。 在形成坚固的冰盖之前，自然溪流中的水会持续过冷，并会形成大量的冰晶。 过冷还导致冰晶颗粒具有高度粘合性，因此它们可以很容易地粘合到河床上的岩石和砾石上。 如果砾石颗粒的重量足以抵消冰（比水轻）的浮力作用，那么冰将“锚定”在床上 - 因此称为“锚冰”。