Ice Jam Formation and Release Dynamics - Hay River, NWT

冰塞的形成和释放动力学 - 海伊河，西北地区

• 批准号: 305416-2013
• 负责人: Hicks, Faye
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Northern Research Supplement
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=628492
• 关键词: Ice; Jam; Formation; Release; Dynamics

Each year during the spring, river breakup brings the threat of ice jam floods to many of the communities across Canada that are situated around rivers. Breakup ice jams occur when snowmelt swells the stream, and lifts and breaks the ice cover suddenly. The ice pieces may initially be carried along with the snowmelt flow, but often become congested - perhaps at a bridge, at a tight bend in the river, or in amongst islands - and when this happens an ice jam is formed. The streamflow is blocked by this dam of ice, and water levels can rise at rates approaching 60 to 90 centimeters (2 to 3 feet) per minute, with virtually no advance warning. The Town of Hay River, situated on the south shore of Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories is one such community; ice jams form there every spring. The most extreme flood in recent decades occurred in 1963. Local resident Roy Fabian (former Chief of the Kátl`odeeche First Nation) was a boy at the time of the flood and recounted for us a terrifying story of being rescued by boat, from the second story window of his house. They paddled furiously towards the bush, and as he looked back, he saw a wall of water surging from the channel. He said he could not see 30 foot high trees on the opposite river bank the ice had piled so high once the jam formed. More recently, severe flooding occurred in 2003 and 2008, and minor flooding in 2005, 2007 and 2009. To ensure the safety and security of people and property in the many communities across Canada that are threatened by ice jams each spring, practical and reliable river ice jam flood forecasting tools are needed. To develop such models we need to study ice jam behaviour, both to understand its complexities, and to have the needed data to test our models. With its propensity for ice jam occurrence, and its need for flood warning systems, Hay River represents an ideal location for such scientific studies. Research at this site also affords us the opportunity to directly help the community in their flood forecasting efforts each spring.

每年春季，河流破裂都会给加拿大各地河流周围的许多社区带来冰塞洪水的威胁。当融雪使溪流膨胀，冰块突然上升并破裂时，就会发生冰塞破裂。最初可能会随着融雪水流一起流动，但通常会变得拥堵——可能是在桥梁、河流的急弯处或岛屿中间——当这种情况发生时，就会形成冰塞，水流被大坝阻挡。位于西北地区大奴湖南岸的海伊河镇的冰层会以每分钟接近 60 至 90 厘米（2 至 3 英尺）的速度上升。 1963 年，这里发生了近几十年来最严重的洪水。他向我们讲述了一个被船救起的可怕故事，他们从他家的二楼窗户猛烈地划向灌木丛，当他回头时，他看到一堵水墙从海峡中汹涌而出。看不到对岸 30 英尺高的树木，一旦堵塞，冰就堆积得如此之高。最近，2003 年和 2008 年发生了严重洪水，2005 年、2007 年和 2007 年发生了小规模洪水。 2009 年。为了确保加拿大各地每年春季受到冰塞威胁的许多社区的人员和财产安全，需要实用且可靠的河流冰塞洪水预报工具。为了开发此类模型，我们需要研究冰塞行为。 ，既要了解其复杂性，又要获得所需的数据来测试我们的模型，由于其发生冰塞的可能性以及对洪水预警系统的需求，海河也是此类科学研究的理想地点。使我们有机会直接帮助社区每年春天的洪水预报工作。