The Social Functions of Secondary schools between the two World Wars : From the cases in two defferent areas

两次世界大战期间中学的社会功能：来自两个不同地区的案例

• 批准号: 10410065
• 负责人: HIROTA Teruyuki
• 金额: $ 6.91万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10410065/
• 关键词: social mobility; educational opportunity; secondary school; social class; life course; social history; school culture; local community

We examined and compared the social functions of secondary schools in two remarkably different areas between the two World Wars.One area is the area, Toyonaka, where urbanization proceeded rapidly as a bed town of Osaka. There newly settled residents who mostly consisted of new middle class required academic secondary schools for their children.The other is the area, Tsuruoka in Yamagata prefecture, where modernizing process was much more slower than Toyonaka. There various social classes had their own educational demands, and different types of secondary schools, from academic to vocational, were established based on those demands.For example, boys of wealthy old middle class moved into new middle class through male academic schools. Boys of lower class enrolled in engineering secondary schools as future middle level engineer in urban big industry. Sewing schools were for future farmers' housewives.From these findings we can conclude as follows :1. Social classes have their own educational demands and the structure of social classes in a local area and its transformation has a strong influence on the type of secondary schools established.2. The purpose of secondary schools were to develop the area schools were established by educating young generation. But in fact prestigious academic schools had a function as a ladder for geographic mobility from a local area to urban and industrial areas. It may be the characteristic of Japanese secondary schools until late 1960's. We need to examine it more in detail.

我们检查并比较了两次世界大战之间两个非常不同地区的中学的社会职能。有新定居的居民主要由新的中产阶级组成，需要他们的孩子的学术中学。另一个地区是山大县县区的Tsuruoka，那里的现代化过程比Toyonaka慢得多。各种社会阶层都有自己的教育要求，从学术到职业的不同类型的中学是根据这些要求建立的。下层阶级的男孩是工程中学的招生，是城市大工业的未来中层工程师。缝纫学校是为未来农民的家庭主妇提供的。从这些发现我们可以得出的结论如下：1。社会阶层有自己的教育要求和当地社会阶层的结构，其转型对建立的中学类型有很大的影响。2。中学的目的是通过教育年轻一代来建立该地区学校。但是实际上，著名的学术学校是从当地到城市和工业区域的地理流动性的阶梯。直到1960年代末，这可能是日本中学的特征。我们需要详细检查它。

项目成果

Hirota T., Suzuki T., Takase M.: "Causative Factors in the Differentiation of Life Course Patterns for Middle School Graduates : A Case Study of Tsuruoka Middle School"Bulletin of the Graduate School of Education The University of Tokyo. Vol.39. 97-124 (1

广田T.、铃木T.、高濑M.：“中学毕业生人生历程模式分化的原因：以鹤冈中学为例”东京大学教育研究生院通报。

寺崎 里水・吉田 文: "落第と「半途退学」にみる旧制中学校の社会的機能-山形県鶴岡中学校を事例として-"教育社会学研究. 66. 195-212 (2000)

寺崎里水和吉田彩：“从成绩不及格和‘中途退学’看旧制度下初中的社会功能——以山形县鹤冈中学为例”《教育社会学研究》66。195-212。 (2000)

Terasaki S., Yoshida A.: "The Social Function of Boy's Secondary Schools in Modern Japan : From the Perspectives of Repeationg and Withdrawal"The Journal of Educational Sociology. No.66. 195-212 (2000)

Terasaki S.，Yoshida A.：“现代日本男子中学的社会功能：从重复和退出的角度”教育社会学杂志。

広田 照幸ほか: "旧制中学校卒業生の進路規定要因に関する研究-山形県鶴岡中学校を事例として-"東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要. 39. 97-124 (1999)

广田辉之等：“旧体制下初中毕业生的职业决定因素研究——以山形县鹤冈中学为例”，东京大学教育研究生院通报39。 97-124 (1999)

Hirota T.: "Youth Crimer and Deliquent Problem in a Rural Area between the two World Wars"A Social History on Deviation and Deliquency, 111-134, Takeuchi Y.(ed.). (forthcoming).

Hirota T.：“两次世界大战之间农村地区的青年犯罪者和违法问题”《关于偏差和违法行为的社会史》，111-134，Takeuchi Y.（编辑）。