THE OCCURRENCE AND PREVENTION OF DISASTERS UNDER THE HEAVY SNOWFALL.

大雪灾害的发生及防治。

• 批准号: 06680418
• 负责人: AKITAYA Eizi
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06680418/
• 关键词: Disasters by heavy snowfall; snow and ice on roads; unfreezing chemicals; compacted snow; ice layr; surface avalanche; weak layr; Premonitory symptoms of an avalanche; 雪害; 豪雪; 雪崩; 道路雪害; 屋根雪; 気象情報; 災害情報; 除排雪; 雪崩予知; 弱層形成; しもざらめ雪; 道路雪氷; つ

The road conditions in winter changed to slippery by the using of studless tire and antifreezing chemicals. A new classification on snow and ice on road was made by the observations during 1994 and 1995 winters. The slippery road conditions were classified into the following types ; bright-compacted snow, bright-ice layr and bright-ice film and these dangerous conditions were appeared under the high air temperature ; about 0ﾟC of maximum daily air temperature. Another dangerous road, bumpy ice developed frequently on the heavy traffic volume and thick compacted snow during melt at daytime and re-freeze at night time.The weak layrs causing a surface layr avalanche were investigated with field observations and 5 types of weak layr were confirmed at Hokkaido and Honshu. Two types of weak layr, depth hoar and surface hoar considered to be a main cause of big surface layr avalanches were investigated on the growing mechanism in the cold room and field in details. Lectures on avalanche mechanism and avalanche safety were carried out to mountain climbers and skiers.There was a heavy snowfall in 1995-96 winter at Sapporo metropolitan area, especially 9th January 1996, all buses in Sapporo city stopped by the heavy snow storm. All traffic facilities, roads, railways and airports, were confused again and again, in this winter. The damaged traffic facilities and the expense for snow remove were the highest record in history of Sapporo. The new road traffic management system will need for the heavy snowfall and snow storms. The new system must be decided under the agreements with administrator, user and resident taking one's responsibilities.

冬季的道路条件通过使用无钉轮胎和防冻化学品的使用变为滑动。 1994年和1995年的冬季观察结果对道路上的雪和冰进行了新的分类。湿滑的道路条件分为以下类型；在高气温下出现了明亮的雪，明亮的冰层和明亮的冰膜以及这些危险条件。大约每天最高空气温度的0℃。另一条危险的道路是在白天融化过程中经常出现在交通繁忙的情况下，在夜间融化的厚雪上经常发育，并在夜间重新冻结。较弱的Layrs通过现场观察研究了表面Layr雪崩，并确认了5种弱的Layr在Hokkaido和Honshu。研究了两种类型的弱外线，深度Hoar和表面HOAR被认为是大地表Layr雪崩的主要原因。详细的寒冷室和田地机构。关于雪崩机制和雪崩安全的讲座，向登山者和滑雪者进行了。 1995 - 96年的冬季，萨波罗大都会地区（尤其是1996年1月9日）下雪了，萨波罗市的所有公共汽车都在沉重的暴风雪中停下来。在这个冬天，所有交通设施，道路，铁路和机场一次又一次地感到困惑。损坏的交通设施和降雪费用是萨波罗历史上最高的记录。新的道路交通管理系统将需要大量的降雪和暴风雪。新系统必须在与管理员，用户和居民承担责任的协议下决定。

项目成果

秋田谷英次: "札幌市内の雪氷路面調査-平成7年冬期-" 寒地技術シンポジウム'95 寒地技術論文集. 356-361 (1995)

秋田英二：“札幌市冰雪路面调查-1995年冬季-”寒冷地区技术研讨会95寒冷地区技术论文集356-361（1995年）。

AKITAYA Eizi: "1995-96 snow disasters at Sapporo Region." Snow and ice in Hokkaido. 15. 8-11 (1996)

AKITAYA Eizi：“1995-96 年札幌地区的雪灾。”

秋田谷英次: "札幌の平地積雪断面測定資料-平成6年〜7年冬期-" 低温科学・資料集. 54. 1-9 (1995)

秋田英二：《札幌平地雪断面测量数据-1994-1997年冬季-》《低温科学与材料集》54. 1-9 (1995)。

秋田谷英次: "1995〜96年札幌圏の豪雪災害-その特徴と背景-" 北海道の雪氷. 15. 8-11 (1996)

秋田英二：“1995-1996年札幌地区的大雪灾害——其特点和背景”《北海道的冰雪》15. 8-11 (1996)。

秋田谷英次: "目視による道路雪氷の分類と活用" 寒地技術シンポジウム'94 寒地技術論文集. 63-69 (1994)

秋田英二：“道路冰雪的视觉分类与利用”寒地技术研讨会94寒地技术论文集63-69（1994）。