RAPD analysis of white clover cultivars and clones for swards with intensive grazing and those with low-input

集约放牧和低投入草地白三叶草品种和无性系的 RAPD 分析

基本信息

批准号：
06660337
负责人：
SAWADA Hitoshi
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Shizuoka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06660337/
关键词：
White clover Clone identification RAPD markers Cultivar identification Plant population ecology Grassland ecology Pasture-plant breeding Clonal plant 放牧育種牧草草地品種識別法

项目摘要

The aims of this research are (1) to develop a technique for identifying cultivars and clones of white clover using and (2) to examine the advantageous architecure in grazed swards. The technique and information are much useful in understanding the coexistence strategy of white clover inhabiting intensively grazed swards and sustainable swards. Firstly, I examined the possibility of identifying two cultivars (large-leaved cv. Kopu and small-leaved cv. Tahora) and their clones using RAPD markers. A screen-test showed that ten primers were useful and the combination of the performance from the primers gave well results in the identification. Use of both RAPD and isozyme markers provides well identification with relatively low cost.Secondly, I assessed the advantageous architecture of white clover in two grazed swards (zoysia-typed and ryegrass-typed). They are considered as a typical system for sustainable use and for intensive use, respectively. I used the studying approach combined (1) detailed observations and measurements in mini-swards experimentally set up and (2) observations in fields. Obserations and measurements in a ryegrass-sward showed that large-leaved type showed larger survival and growth performance, whereas the revearse was true in intensive swards. They also suggested that differences in both attributes between two types may be small in intensive swards due to larger plasticity of larger-leaved type. For a zoysia-sward, a following hypothesis was tested : If a newly forming patch involves a large-leaved clone, it grows rapidly to occupy the patch area by the end of the patch longevity. Results of the mini-sward experiment and observations in a field supported this hypothesis strongly. They also suggested that climatic conditions affected this trend strongly.

这项研究的目的是（1）开发一种用于识别使用白色三叶草的品种和克隆的技术，以及（2）检查放牧性草皮中的有利建筑。该技术和信息对于理解白色三叶草的共存策略非常有用，居住在深处放牧的间隔和可持续的间隔。首先，我检查了使用RAPD标记鉴定两个品种（大叶Cv。Kopu和小叶CV。Tahora）的可能性。屏幕测试表明，十个引物很有用，并且引物的性能的组合在识别中得到了很好的结果。 RAPD和同工酶标记的使用提供了良好的识别，其成本相对较低。第二，我评估了两只放牧的草皮（Zoysia thted thted the the and Ryegrass typed）中白三叶草的有利建筑。它们被认为是可持续使用和大量使用的典型系统。我使用了研究方法（1）在实验中建立的小型s详细观察和测量值以及（2）在田野中进行的观察。黑麦草s的观察和测量结果表明，大叶类型显示出更大的生存率和生长性能，而在密集的间隔中，复兴是正确的。他们还建议，由于较大的大叶类型可塑性，两种类型之间两种属性之间的差异可能很小。对于Zoysia-shard，测试了以下假设：如果新形成的斑块涉及大叶克隆，则它会迅速生长以在斑块寿命结束时占据斑块区域。在一个领域中的微型实验和观察结果的结果强烈支持了这一假设。他们还建议气候条件对这一趋势产生了强烈影响。