Theoretical and Positive Research on the Partisan Competition and the Development of Diet Management Practice

党派竞争与饮食管理实践发展的理论与实证研究

基本信息

批准号：
06620046
负责人：
KAWATO Sadafumi
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06620046/
关键词：
Diet House of Representatives Institutionalization Party Politics Seniority Strategic Voting Political Reform Diet Management 代議士派閥

项目摘要

1.During the period under grant, I did research on the interfactional balancing and seniority rule for the appointment for important positions in the government and the Liberal Democratic Party. I present a theory to explain their development drawing on rational choice models as well as the changing composition of the LDP Dietmembers. Because available posts were in short supply vis-a-vis the number of senior members in the 1950s and the 1960s, they were distributed in favor of those in the mainstream factions according to seniority. This practice paved the way for the establishment of seniority rule across the party once this block of senior members either took cabinet posts or retired (got defeated) in the subsequent elections. The loss of a stable majority in the mid-1970s and the decrease in the number of factions from eight to five made each faction pivotal, leaving no room for factional maneuvering in a nested coalition game.2.The second research I did was on the institutionalization of rules governing promotion in the LDP.I showed that the institutionalization took place not in the late 1960s but in the early 1980s.3.I did another research into the change in the legislative process after the emergence of the Hosokawa Cabinet in 1993. I found that the changes in the Diet management practices were primarily concerned with distributional benefits and the abolition of practices developed during the LDP rule. One important change was the replacement of unanimity rule by majority rule in decision practice of the deliberation schedule in committees.4.Formation and maintenance of a majority coalition have become very important after 1993. The Hosokawa Cabinet could not garner a majority support for the Political Reform Bills in the House of Councilors in January 1994 because of the defection by the Socialists. I analyzed their voting behavior using a strategic voting model under incomplete information with uncertain agendas.

1.在资助期间，我对政府和自民党重要职位任命的派系平衡和资历规则进行了研究。我提出了一个理论，利用理性选择模型以及自民党议员组成的变化来解释他们的发展。由于在 20 世纪 50 年代和 1960 年代，相对于高级成员的数量而言，可用职位供不应求，因此这些职位是根据资历分配给主流派别的。这种做法为一旦这批高级成员在随后的选举中担任内阁职务或退休（落选），在整个党内建立资历规则铺平了道路。 20世纪70年代中期失去了稳定的多数席位，派系数量从8个减少到5个，使得每个派系都变得至关重要，在嵌套的联盟博弈中没有派系操纵的空间。2.我做的第二个研究是关于自民党晋升规则的制度化。我发现制度化不是发生在 1960 年代末，而是发生在 1980 年代初。3.我对自民党出现后立法程序的变化进行了另一项研究1993年细川内阁执政期间，我发现国会管理做法的变化主要涉及利益分配和废除自民党统治时期制定的做法。一个重要的变化是，在委员会审议日程的决策实践中，以多数决定取代了全体一致决定。 4. 1993年后，多数联盟的形成和维持变得非常重要。细川内阁无法获得政治上的多数支持。 1994 年 1 月，由于社会党的叛逃，参议院通过了改革法案。我使用策略投票模型分析了他们在议程不确定的不完整信息下的投票行为。