Development of Bathing Culture in Pompeii: Stabian Baths

庞贝沐浴文化的发展：斯塔边浴场

• 批准号: 441747846
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Monika Trümper
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Klassische Archäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2019-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/441747846?language=en
• 关键词: Development; Bathing; Culture; Pompeii; Stabian

The characteristics of bathing culture in the Roman imperial period have long been examined in scholarship. However, the predecessors of the late Republican period have received little attention, even though over 20 baths of this period have been discovered in the western Mediterranean. Baths do not play a significant role in current debates about the expansion of Rome in the western Mediterranean, and topics such as urbanization, cultural exchange, transfer of knowledge and integration in the Roman world. The only exception are the Stabian Baths in Pompeii, which the architect Hans Eschebach discussed in a book, published in 1979. For this complex, he reconstructed an influential model of cultural-historical development: on the terrain of Pompeii’s Archaic Altstadt wall, a Greek palaestra with baths would have been built in the 5th century BC and transformed, in five phases, into Roman-type baths until the early Imperial period. While scholars repeatedly criticized this model, they did not carry out any new research. A project that was funded by the EXC Topoi from 2015 to 2018 aimed at filling this gap in research. Four campaigns in the Republican Baths of Pompeii and three campaigns in the Stabian Baths yielded significant results for revising the history of the city and of ancient bathing culture. Both baths were built in the second half of the 2nd century BC as Roman-type baths, on largely unbuilt terrain. The Republican Baths were abandoned in 30/20 BC, whereas the Stabian Baths were modernized three times before the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79. Funding is requested here for the fourth and last excavation campaign in the Stabian Baths and for evaluating and promptly publishing this building. The campaign will clarify important open questions regarding the technology (heating system, water management) and the relationship between the baths and an adjacent house. The evaluation will integrate the basic research in the Stabian (and Republican) Baths with larger questions and examine the following aspects: the significance and perception of the baths in the urban landscape; the importance of the baths for the societal and political development of and the cultural influence on Pompeii; the combination of thoroughly investigated archaeological evidence with research on the history of mentality and culture regarding bathing; and the significance of baths for current theoretical discourses on the expansion of Rome and its consequences in the mid- and late Republican period. The holistic approach of the proposed project aims at providing reliable data for the long neglected investigation of changes in late Republican and early Imperial bathing culture; and at fruitfully employing theoretical models for interpretation.

罗马帝国时期的沐浴文化特征长期以来一直受到学术界的研究，然而，尽管在地中海西部发现了20多个这一时期的浴场，但共和时期晚期的前身却很少受到关注。在当前关于罗马在地中海西部的扩张以及城市化、文化交流、知识转移和罗马世界一体化等话题的争论中发挥着重要作用。唯一的例外是庞贝古城的斯塔比安浴场，它的建筑师是汉斯。埃舍巴赫在 1979 年出版的一本书中进行了讨论。对于这个建筑群，他重建了一个有影响力的文化历史发展模型：在庞贝古老的老城城墙的地形上，一座带浴室的希腊体育场建于公元前 5 世纪，并经过改造。 ，分五个阶段，进入罗马式浴室，直到帝国早期，虽然学者们反复批评这种模式，但他们没有开展任何由 EXC 资助的项目。 2015年至2018年，托波伊旨在填补这一研究空白，在庞贝共和浴场进行了四次活动，在斯塔比安浴场进行了三次活动，在修正这座城市和古代沐浴文化的历史方面取得了重大成果。公元前 2 世纪下半叶，罗马式浴场，大部分未建成。共和浴场于公元前 30/20 年被废弃，而斯塔比安浴场则进行了现代化改造。公元 79 年维苏威火山喷发前三次。这里请求为斯塔比安浴场的第四次也是最后一次挖掘活动提供资金，并评估和及时公布该建筑。该活动将澄清有关技术（供暖系统、水）的重要开放问题。评估将把斯塔边（和共和国）浴场的基础研究与更大的问题结合起来，并研究以下几个方面：浴场在城市景观中的重要性和感知；浴场对庞贝城社会和政治发展的重要性以及对庞贝文化的影响；将彻底调查的考古证据与有关沐浴的心态和文化历史的研究相结合，以及浴场对当前有关扩张的理论论述的意义；拟议项目的整体方法旨在为长期被忽视的共和国晚期和帝国早期沐浴文化的变化的调查提供可靠的数据，并有效地运用理论模型进行解释； 。