Migration of insect pests and natural enemies and its ecological significance

害虫、天敌的迁徙及其生态意义

基本信息

批准号：
61480048
负责人：
NAKASUJI Fusao
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Okayama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Recent researches on insect migration and dispersal were critically reviewed and significance of the migration and dispersal was discussed with special reference to evolutionary aduptation of insects. Some migratory insects have the wing polymorphism. The winged or macropterous form plays a role of the migrant specialist and apterous or brachypterous form does the sedentary and reproductive specialist. Generally the former has a lower reproductive potential than the latter. The comparison of the intrinsic rate of increase between the two forms showed that the diffecence in the reproductive rate of the phase polymorphic species was less than that of the seasonal polymorphic species. The factors influencing the wing polymorphism were studied for rice planthoppers and veriid water striders, Microvelia spp. Genetic mechanism operated in the determination of wing polymorphism as well as the environmental factors like population density for both insect groups. Flight activity and biotic perf … More ormances of adults in relation to the migratory traits were investigated for the migrant skipper, Parnara guttata. Flight activity of the adults of the overwintered and the 2nd generations was higher than that of the lst teneration. Hether or not the skipper uses the earth magnetism for the orientation of the flight direction was examined. However, the hypothesis was not supported in the present experiment. Intergenerational changes in egg size of the migrant skipper P. guttata suggest that a parallel evolution probably occurs between egg size of skipper and leaf toughness of host grasses. The hypothesis was supported by the correlation analysis of the actual data. The green leafhoppers, Nephotettix spp. are non-polymorphic but disperse in the density-dependent manner. The sensitivity of 4 species to the density was measured in terms of the reduction of reproductive rate as increase of the density. The temperate species, N. cincticeps was more sensitive than the three other tropical species. Less

对绝缘和色散的最新研究进行了严格的审查，并特别参考了绝缘的进化调整，讨论了迁移和分散的意义。一些迁徙的绝缘层具有翼多态性。有翅的形式或大型形式扮演着移民专家，aptero或武士形式的角色是久坐的和生殖专家。通常，前者的生殖潜力比后者低。两种形式之间的内在增加速率的比较表明，相多态性物种的生殖速率差异小于季节性多态性物种的差异。研究了影响翼多态性的因素，用于大米植物植物和veriid水脱水剂Microvelia spp。遗传机制在确定机翼多态性以及两种昆虫群的种群密度等环境因素方面运行。对移民船长帕尔纳拉·古塔塔（Parnara Guttata）研究了飞行活动和生物perf…成年人与迁徙性状有关的更多偏见。越冬和第二代成年人的飞行活动高于第LST卖空。是否检查了船长是否使用地球磁性来进行飞行方向的方向。但是，在本实验中不支持该假设。移民船长P. guttata的卵大小的代际变化表明，船长的卵大小与宿主草的叶子韧性之间可能发生平行进化。该假设得到了实际数据的相关性分析的支持。绿色叶子，Nephotettix spp。是非晶状体的，但以密度依赖性方式分散。根据密度的增加，根据生殖速率的降低来测量4种对密度的敏感性。温度物种N. cincentipes比其他三种热带物种更敏感。较少的