Partial Payment before Bankruptcy Discharge and partial Discharge-The Analysis of Their Legality

破产解除前的部分支付与部分解除——其合法性分析

• 批准号: 05451097
• 负责人: AOYAMA Yosimitu
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05451097/
• 关键词: Cardholders' Bankruptcy; Bankruptcy Discharge; Partial Discharge; Consumer Bankruptcy; Partial Payment before Bankruptcy Discharge; Arrangement of Comsumer Debts; ドイツ倒産法; カード社会; アメリカ破産法; 裁量免責

The first year of this research project was 1995.Since then the number of consumer bankruptcies in Japan, including credit cardholders' bankruptcies, has been increasing.Last year it was reported that the filings, mostly occupied by consumer bankruptcies, totaled over 70,000 cases.This shows the significance of this research project.This project consists of two main topics, i.e., field survey and comparative analysis.By means of field survey.targeting card business and court practice, it was unveiled that there were various factors behind the reason why cardholders went broke.I also found that court practice ranged from unconditional discharge to discharge conditioned upon partial payments (Yoshimitu Aoyama, Partial Payments Before Discharge and So-called Partial Discharge, Gekkann Shohisya Shinyo 1994 vol.2.attached).With respect to comparative analysis I made study on the related provisions of US Bankruptcy Code and German New Insolvency Act.Especially the German Act seems informative in terms that it is designed to harmonize the interests of debtors and creditors by introducing the idea of discharge conditioned upon partial payments, instead of all or nothing approach.I have a plan to revise the attached analysis of the German Act in the near future.The comprehensive reform work on bankruptcy system in Japan has already started.Taking advantage of the fruits of this research project I have been discussing about the future of consumer bankruptcy proceedings with academicians and practitioners (attached). It is my firm belief that this research project has been and will been serving as assets for the reform toward next millenium.

该研究项目的第一年是1995年。此后，包括信用卡持卡人破产在内的日本消费者破产数量不断增加。去年据报道，主要是消费者破产的申请总数超过7万件。由此可见本研究项目的意义。本项目由实地调查和比较分析两个主要课题组成。通过实地调查的方式，针对卡业务和法庭实践，据了解，持卡人破产的原因有多种。我还发现，法院的做法包括无条件解除和部分付款条件下的解除（Yoshimitu Aoyama，解除之前的部分付款和所谓的部分解除，Gekkann Shohisya Shinyo） 1994年第2卷（附）。在比较分析方面，我对美国破产法和德国新破产法的相关规定进行了研究。特别是《德国法案》似乎内容丰富，因为它旨在通过引入以部分付款为条件的清偿理念，而不是“全有或全无”的方式来协调债务人和债权人的利益。我计划修订《德国法案》的附加分析不久的将来，日本破产制度的全面改革工作已经启动。利用本研究项目的成果，我一直在与院士和实务者讨论消费者破产程序的未来（附）。我坚信，这个研究项目已经并将成为下一个千年改革的资产。

项目成果

青山善充: "破産面責における裁判所の裁量の基準について" 消費者ニュース. 19号. 1-2 (1994)

Yoshimitsu Aoyama：“破产程序中法院自由裁量权的标准”消费者新闻 19, 1-2 (1994)。

青山善充: "免責前の一部弁済と一部免責について-その適法性と問題点の検討" 月刊消費者信用. '94-2. 18-27 (1994)

Yoshimitsu Aoyama：“豁免前的部分付款和部分豁免 - 其合法性和问题的审查”每月消费信贷94-2（1994）。

青山善充(編著): "日本立法資料全集・会社更生法(3)" 信山社, 680 (1996)

青山义光（主编）：《日本立法资料全集：公司重组法（3）》《新山社》，680（1996）