Opening and exploitation of a typical landscape in the Don forest steppe during the 3rd mill. BC

第三磨坊期间，顿河森林草原典型景观的开放和开发。

• 批准号: 421312759
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Elke Kaiser
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/421312759?language=en
• 关键词: Opening; exploitation; typical; landscape; Don

The project will investigate a microregion in the forest steppe zone of European Russia. It will contribute to our knowledge about the subsistence basis, the exploitation of the surrounding environment and the mobility patterns of the pastoralists in the forest steppe in the 2nd half of the 3rd mill BC, about which researchers still know very little, notwithstanding the fact that this period and these regions figure prominently in discourse about the emergence of mobile pastoralism. The project centres around the site Ksizovo № 1(close to the modern village Ksizovo), 500 km south of Moscow. Ksizovo № 1 reveals only one cultural layer, dated using absolute methods to 2600–2300 cal BC. Finds from this layer include ceramic fragments characteristic of the regional Don variant of the Catacomb culture. As third mill. BC settlements in the steppe or forest steppe containing only a single cultural layer are quite rare, the investigation of Ksizovo № 1 has the potential to be extremely rewarding. Recognizing that it is essential to study the site as thoroughly as possible, and thus to obtain as much varied and revealing data as possible, including both proxy and archaeological data, this project will intensify, supplement and support the excavation that already began there in 2014. It will pursue a rigorous multidisciplinary approach during and flanking the excavation and in the analysis and interpretation of all results. Thus, geomorphological, sedimentological research and archaeobotanical (incl. complementary phytolith analysis) analyses will generate proxy data on seasonal mobility and the subsistence basis of the inhabitants. Organic residue analysis of a pilot series of pottery sherds will give us insight into the diet of the inhabitants; within another pilot study, the oxygen and strontium isotope ratios in sequentially sampled cattle teeth might reveal patterns providing insight into seasonal movements of mobile pastoralists. Ksizovo № 1 is located between the upper course of the river Don and its tributary Snova and is only one of eight settlements in the microregion that were inhabited during the second half of the 3rd mill. BC. The microregion also contains two flat grave cemeteries of the Catacomb culture. The project will include a review of all of the materials found during excavation and field walking at all of these sites. The assessment of the material culture from them will allow their synchronisation. If, as we presume to be the case, at least some of them existed contemporaneously, the possibility exists that these settlements were used seasonally by a single population. Combining the results of the archaeological investigations with the results of the natural science analyses culminate in the development of models concerning the spatial organisation in the region in this particular period.

该项目将调查俄罗斯欧洲森林草原地区的一个小区域，这将有助于我们了解第三季度下半年森林草原牧民的生存基础、周围环境的开发和流动模式。尽管这一时期和这些地区在关于移动畜牧业出现的讨论中占有重要地位，但研究人员仍然对其知之甚少。 1号（靠近现代村庄克西佐沃），位于莫斯科以南 500 公里处，克西佐沃 1 号仅揭示了一个文化层，使用绝对方法可追溯到公元前 2600-2300 年，该层的发现包括具有顿河地区特征的陶瓷碎片。由于仅包含单一文化层的BC第三磨坊定居点非常罕见，因此对Ksizovo 1号的调查进行了研究。认识到尽可能彻底地研究该遗址，从而获得尽可能多的多样化和具有启发性的数据（包括代理数据和考古数据）至关重要，该项目将加强、补充和支持该项目。挖掘工作已于 2014 年开始。在挖掘过程中和挖掘过程中以及对所有结果的分析和解释中，它将采用严格的多学科方法。植硅体分析）分析将产生有关季节性流动和居民生存基础的代理数据，对一系列试点陶片的有机残留物分析将使我们深入了解居民的饮食，在另一项试点研究中，氧和锶同位素。连续采样的牛牙齿的比率可能揭示模式，从而深入了解位于顿河上游及其支流斯诺瓦河和 1 号河之间的流动牧民的季节性活动。是公元前第三磨坊后半期有人居住的微区域之一。该微区域还包含地下墓穴文化的两个平坦墓地。该项目将包括对挖掘过程中发现的所有材料的审查。对所有这些地点的物质文化的评估将使它们同步，如果正如我们假设的那样，至少其中一些是同时存在的，那么这些地点就有可能存在。将考古调查的结果与自然科学分析的结果相结合，最终形成了有关该特定时期该地区空间组织的模型。