Regulation of xanthophyll conversion and the function of zeaxanthin in land plants

陆地植物中叶黄素转化的调控和玉米黄质的功能

基本信息

项目摘要

The xanthophyll zeaxanthin (Zx) serves central photoprotective functions in land plants as regulator of the dissipation of excess light energy as heat (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ) in photosystem II (PSII) and as antioxidant in the thylakoid membrane. Zx is formed in the thylakoid membrane from violaxanthin (Vx) under high light (HL) in the de-epoxidation reactions (catalyzed by the lumen-localized Vx de-epoxidase) of the xanthophyll cycle and is reconverted back to Vx under low light or in darkness in the epoxidation reactions, catalyzed by the stroma-localized Zx epoxidase (ZEP). ZEP activity determines the period of the maintenance of a high Zx amount, and thus of Zx-dependent NPQ, in the chloroplast after HL stress. We have shown that ZEP activity is gradually down-regulated in response to increasing HL stress and photoinhibition of PSII, and that ZEP protein is degraded concomitant with the D1 protein upon PSII photoinhibition. The HL-induced down-regulation of ZEP activity ensures that high levels of Zx are retained in response to prolonged HL periods to allow for efficient reactivation (or retention) of NPQ and thus photoprotection after (or during) transient low light periods under fluctuating light conditions. Therefore, Zx is supposed to be a key component in the “memory” of the chloroplast with respect to preceding photo-oxidative stress. Detailed knowledge of the functioning and (light) regulation of ZEP activity is thus central for the understanding of the acclimation of photoprotective NPQ mechanisms in plants to HL or to fluctuating light. In preliminary work, we provided evidence that the HL-induced inactivation of ZEP may be caused by hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is frequently formed in chloroplasts under HL stress. Analyses of the in vivo and in vitro activity of ZEP further showed that ZEP activity likely requires specific protein interactions in the thylakoid membrane and yet unknown cofactors. To characterize the properties and regulation of ZEP in detail at the molecular level, we will address three key issues in the planned project: (i) the exact localization and interaction partners of ZEP in the thylakoid membrane, (ii) the molecular basis of HL-induced ZEP inactivation, and (iii) the detailed biochemical properties of ZEP with focus on essential cofactors. This approach should allow the understanding of the functioning of ZEP in photoprotection at the molecular level.
叶黄素玉米黄质 (Zx) 在陆地植物中发挥着核心的光保护功能,作为光系统 II (PSII) 中热量(非光化学猝灭,NPQ)消散多余光能的调节剂,并作为类囊体膜中 Zx 形成的抗氧化剂。在高光 (HL) 下,紫黄质 (Vx) 的类囊体膜发生脱环氧化反应(由叶黄素循环中的内腔定位的 Vx 脱环氧化酶),并在弱光或黑暗的环氧化反应中重新转化回 Vx,由基质定位的 Zx 环氧化酶 (ZEP) 催化,活性决定了维持的时间。 HL 胁迫后叶绿体中 Zx 含量较高,因此 Zx 依赖性 NPQ 也较高。我们已经表明,ZEP 活性逐渐增强。 ZEP 响应增加的 HL 应激和 PSII 的光抑制而下调,并且 ZEP 蛋白在 PSII 光抑制时与 D1 蛋白一起降解。HL 诱导的 ZEP 活性下调确保了高水平的 Zx 在响应中得以保留。延长 HL 周期以允许 NPQ 重新激活(或保留),从而在波动的光照条件下在短暂的低光照期之后(或期间)提供光保护,因此,Zx 被认为是有效的。因此,ZEP 活性的功能和(光)调节的详细知识对于了解植物中光保护 NPQ 机制对 HL 或 HL 的适应至关重要。在前期工作中,我们提供的证据表明,HL 诱导的 ZEP 失活可能是由过氧化氢引起的,过氧化氢是一种经常在叶绿体中形成的活性氧 (ROS)。对 ZEP 的体内和体外活性的分析进一步表明,ZEP 活性可能需要类囊体膜中的特定蛋白质相互作用以及未知的辅助因子。将解决计划项目中的三个关键问题:(i) ZEP 在类囊体膜中的精确定位和相互作用伙伴,(ii) HL 诱导的 ZEP 失活的分子基础,以及 (iii) 详细的这种方法应该能够在分子水平上了解 ZEP 在光保护中的功能。

项目成果

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Professor Dr. Peter Jahns其他文献

Professor Dr. Peter Jahns的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Professor Dr. Peter Jahns', 18)}}的其他基金

Role of the PsbS protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
PsbS 蛋白在莱茵衣藻中的作用
  • 批准号:
    288499712
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Partitioning of the proton motive force into delta phi and delta pH and its role in light regulation of photosynthesis
质子基序力分为 delta phi 和 delta pH 及其在光合作用光调节中的作用
  • 批准号:
    239464501
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Regulation and function of the zeaxanthin epoxidase
玉米黄质环氧酶的调节和功能
  • 批准号:
    171984607
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidation
玉米黄质环氧化的调控
  • 批准号:
    50827813
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Molekulare Grundlagen der Anpassung an und Bewältigung von photo-oxidativem Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana
拟南芥适应和应对光氧化应激的分子基础
  • 批准号:
    5415149
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Funktion der Antennensubkomplexe des Photosystems II bei der Regulation der Energieverteilung und der Carotinoidumwandlung in der Thylakoidmembran
光系统II天线子复合体在类囊体膜能量分布和类胡萝卜素转化调节中的功能
  • 批准号:
    5278856
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants

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Xanthophyll controlling bone metabolism for functional enhancement both of tooth and the bone.
叶黄素控制骨代谢,增强牙齿和骨骼的功能。
  • 批准号:
    18K19730
  • 财政年份:
    2018
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    --
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    Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
Xanthophyll metabolism regulating its accumulation and decomposition
叶黄素代谢调节其积累和分解
  • 批准号:
    18K11081
  • 财政年份:
    2018
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Research of preventing effects of chronic inflammatory diseases by paprika xanthophyll
辣椒叶黄素预防慢性炎症性疾病的研究
  • 批准号:
    17K07786
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    --
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    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Metabolism and function of xanthophyll in the retina
叶黄素在视网膜中的代谢和功能
  • 批准号:
    15K10867
  • 财政年份:
    2015
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