Evolution of morphology and ecology in hyperdiverse larval amphibian communities in Madagascar

马达加斯加高度多样化的幼虫两栖动物群落形态和生态的演变

• 批准号: 29037998
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Miguel Vences
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Zoologisches Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2005-12-31 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/29037998?language=en
• 关键词: Evolution; morphology; ecology; hyperdiverse; larval

Anuran (frog) communities in the tropics often reach remarkable levels of species diversity, with up to 50-100 species occurring at one site. Few studies have systematically addressed the factors allowing these high numbers of species to co-exist. Considering that related species of frogs in their adult phase do not tend to occupy radically different niches in morphology or nutrition, niche partitioning in the larval phase may be a key factor shaping these species-rich communities. The present project attempts the first large-scale ecological study of a hyperdiverse tropical tadpole community, by combining a number of innovative techniques and using a highly suitable model region. The study will be carried out in Madagascar, where anuran systematics are largely settled and large molecular, phylogenetic, distributional and bioacoustic databases on these organisms have been assembled by the applicant and other colleagues. Tadpoles will be identified to species by DNA barcoding, representing one of the first field studies to demonstrate the applicability of this technique to identify vertebrate life-history stages at a large scale using molecular methods. A variety of autecological and synecological parameters will be screened. Trophic levels will be comparatively assessed using stable isotopes, a well-established technique which, however, has so far not been applied to larval amphibians. The obtained ecomorphological characters will be plotted along an existing, complete and well-resolved molecular phylogeny of Madagascan frogs, and their evolution traced using Bayesian and likelihood statistics.

热带地区的Anuran（青蛙）社区通常达到了显着的物种多样性，其中一个地点发生在一个地点。很少有研究系统地解决了允许这些大量物种共存的因素。考虑到成年阶段中的青蛙相关物种并不倾向于在形态或营养中占据根本不同的壁ni，因此在幼虫阶段进行小裂划分可能是塑造这些物种富裕社区的关键因素。本项目试图通过结合多种创新技术并使用高度合适的模型区域来尝试对超多样性热带t的首次大规模生态研究。该研究将在马达加斯加进行，那里的阿努族系统在很大程度上定居，并在这些生物上进行了大分子，系统发育，分布和生物声学数据库，已由申请人和其他同事组装。 DNA条形码将识别为物种，代表了最早的现场研究之一，以证明该技术使用分子方法大规模识别脊椎动物寿命阶段。将筛选各种自定义和综合参数。营养水平将使用稳定的同位素进行比较评估，稳定的同位素是一种公认​​的技术，但是迄今为止尚未应用于幼体两栖动物。获得的生态形态特征将沿马达加斯加青蛙的现有，完整且清晰的分子系统发育绘制，并使用贝叶斯和可能性统计数据追踪其进化。