Earthquake Relief and the Transfer of Scientific Knowledge in the Asia-Pacific Region of the 1920s - Chinese, Japanese and U.S. Perspectives

20 年代亚太地区的抗震救灾和科学知识传播——中国、日本和美国

• 批准号: 285919149
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Sabine Dabringhaus
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Historisches Seminar
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/285919149?language=en
• 关键词: Earthquake; Relief; Transfer; Scientific; Knowledge

On December 16, 1920, one of the most devastating earthquakes in contemporary history shook northwestern China. Three years later on September 1, 1923, the Japanese metropolis Tokyo was largely destroyed. Both catastrophes exposed the East Asian societies to extreme burdens. At the same time they became subjects of the newly developing scientific seismology and occasions for disaster relief of a new type of complexity which connected local and international initiatives. Both the humanitarian commitments and the scientific communication related to these natural catastrophes took place in the newly emerging Asian-Pacific sphere of interaction. Beyond geopolitics and the power relationships between governments, this project examines the non-governmental interdependency in this Pacific space in the period between 1918 until the Japanese invasion of Manchuria from 1931/32. The 1920s were characterized by transnational disaster management and unprecedented scientific exchange between Chinese, Japanese and Americans. While this cultural-scientific transnationalism failed to prevent further wars, it did establish new contacts, which could be reconnected in the late twentieth century. Through the integration of the aims of this project and objectives together with the tools of environmental disaster research, this project connects the macro-level of cross-border relationships with the local dimensions of the earthquakes and their impact on the affected societies. The division of the complete project into three complimentary projects enables a diversification of perspectives into Chinese, Japanese, and American experiences as they are both connected and interconnected to philanthropy, science, and politics. With the help of the resilience approach both the differences and commonalities between these regions in their overcoming of disaster will be unraveled comparatively. The goal of the overall project is to better understand cultures of catastrophe in both China and Japan, and their relationship to the United States as an emerging Pacific actor from the perspective of the transnational formation of the Asian-Pacific cultural region.

1920年12月16日，当代历史上最具破坏性的地震之一震撼了中国西北地区。三年后的 1923 年 9 月 1 日，日本大都市东京基本被毁。这两场灾难都使东亚社会承受了极大的负担。与此同时，它们成为新发展的科学地震学的主题，以及将地方和国际举措联系起来的新型复杂救灾场合。与这些自然灾害相关的人道主义承诺和科学交流都是在新兴的亚太互动圈中进行的。除了地缘政治和政府之间的权力关系之外，本项目还考察了 1918 年至 1931/32 年日本入侵满洲期间这一太平洋地区非政府间的相互依存关系。 20 年代的特点是跨国灾害管理和中国、日本和美国之间前所未有的科学交流。虽然这种文化科学跨国主义未能阻止进一步的战争，但它确实建立了新的联系，这些联系可以在二十世纪末重新建立。通过将该项目的目的和目标与环境灾害研究工具相结合，该项目将跨境关系的宏观层面与地震的当地规模及其对受影响社会的影响联系起来。将整个项目分为三个互补的项目，可以对中国、日本和美国的经验进行多样化的视角，因为它们都与慈善事业、科学和政治密切相关。借助复原力方法，这些地区之间在克服灾害方面的差异和共同点将被相对地揭示出来。整个项目的目标是从亚太文化区域跨国形成的角度更好地理解中国和日本的灾难文化，以及它们与美国作为新兴太平洋参与者的关系。