Putting fish fossils in trees: using advanced phylogenetic methods to co-estimate the phylogeny and temporal diversification patterns of living and fossil Gobioidei

将鱼类化石放在树上：使用先进的系统发育方法来共同估计活体和化石 Gobioidei 的系统发育和时间多样化模式

• 批准号: 281240041
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Bettina Reichenbacher
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Sektion Paläontologie und Geobiologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/281240041?language=en
• 关键词: Putting; fish; fossils; trees; using

Gobioids are small benthic fishes that constitute one of the largest suborders of teleost fishes, with about 2200 extant species. They form a significant component of shallow marine, estuarine and freshwater ecosystems and are particularly attractive for studying evolutionary processes because they display numerous adaptations. However, little is known about their evolutionary history despite the availability of a good fossil record comprising about 25 species based on skeletons and about 60 species based on isolated otoliths (ear stones). The objective of the proposed project is to use morphological characters of gobioids to link fossil and living taxa in a unified, time-scaled phylogeny and infer their history of diversification. A matrix will be prepared based on skeleton, scale and otolith characters for all known fossil taxa and for representatives from all living families and lineages, with apogonids and kurtids as outgroups; available molecular data will be added for the extant species. Special attention will be given to the identification of phylogenetic informative otolith characters because otoliths have never before been used in phylogenetic analyses. Parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses will be performed (i) for the morphological data, (ii) for the morphological data in combination with the DNA sequence data, and (iii) by adding available DNA sequence data from taxa not represented in the morphological dataset. The outcome will be analysed using fossil constrained "tip-dating", which is a novel method for assessing phylogenetic node ages. Traditional phylogenetic dating methods use fossils only as date calibrations; the fossils are not included directly in the dated phylogeny. In tip-dating, fossil specimens with coded morphological data are included as tips in the tree, along with DNA and morphology from specimens of living species. The phylogenetic relationships of the fossils and living species are then estimated simultaneously with the dates of speciation events in the tree. Tip-dating the gobioid tree will establish a new temporal framework for gobioid evolution. Several groups are currently studying the molecular phylogeny and evolution of gobioids, and our combination of fossil and molecular data will be an exciting approach to significantly advance this field of science. Moreover, this project will be one of the first major tip-dating studies, and will get a lot of attention as a result.

Gobioids是小的底栖鱼类，构成了硬骨鱼的最大下属之一，约有2200种现存的物种。它们构成了浅海，河口和淡水生态系统的重要组成部分，并且在研究进化过程中特别有吸引力，因为它们表现出许多适应性。然而，尽管有良好的化石记录可获得大约25种基于骨架和基于孤立的耳石（耳石）的良好化石记录，但对它们的进化史知之甚少。拟议项目的目的是利用吞噬作用的形态学特征将化石和活分类单元与统一的，时间缩放的系统发育联系起来，并推断其多样化的历史。将根据所有已知化石类群的骨骼，比例尺和耳石特征以及所有活着家庭和血统的代表，将矩阵制备，以占外产和kurtids为外部；将为现有物种添加可用的分子数据。将特别关注系统发育信息性耳石特征，因为耳石从未在系统发育分析中使用过。将对形态数据进行简约，最大样和贝叶斯分析（i），（ii）与DNA序列数据结合使用形态学数据，以及（iii）通过添加来自形态数据集中未表示的可用DNA序列数据。将使用化石约束的“尖端约会”对结果进行分析，这是一种评估系统发育淋巴结年龄的新方法。传统的系统发育约会方法仅使用化石作为日期校准；化石不直接包含在日期的系统发育中。在尖端年期中，具有编码形态数据的化石标本作为树木的尖端以及生物标本的DNA和形态。然后，将化石和活物种的系统发育关系与树中的物种事件的日期同时估算。小费约会的吞噬树将建立一个新的吞噬变化的时间框架。目前，几个小组正在研究吞噬作用的分子系统发育和进化，我们的化石和分子数据的结合将是一种令人兴奋的方法，可以显着推进这一科学领域。此外，该项目将是第一个主要的小费研究之一，因此将引起很多关注。