The nature of micro- and nanocrystalline weathering products of sulfidic ores rich in As and Sb

富As、Sb硫化矿微晶和纳米晶风化产物的性质

• 批准号: 265185880
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Juraj Majzlan, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl Allgemeine und Angewandte Mineralogie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/265185880?language=en
• 关键词: nature; micro; nanocrystalline; weathering; products

Sulfidic ores rich in arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are commonly exploited and serve as a source of many important metals, metalloids, and raw materials. Mining waste, either historical, recent, or currently produced, represents a major environmental load, even though the mining and processing technologies are steadily improving. Upon contact with atmosphere and hydrosphere, the sulfidic ores and the associated mining wastes weather, transform, and may pollute the environment. Here I propose to study crystal structures and crystal chemistry of selected weathering products of ores rich in As and Sb. They are common and often control the mobility and bioavailability of the toxic metalloids and metals. Yet, their nature is not known. Within this proposal, we will target phases from the systems Fe(III)-As(V)-S(VI)-H2O and (Cu,Zn,Ag,Bi,Fe)-Sb(V)-As(V)-H2O. Namely, we will study the ferric arsenates kankite, zykaite, and a suite of previously unknown phases from Rotgülden (Austria). From the latter system, we will inspect weathering products of tetrahedrite-tennantite ores. In addition to detailed optical microscopy and electron microprobe work, the focus of the work is in the diffraction techniques: high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction and electron precession diffraction. The latter method, in particular, will be used to decipher the crystal structure of the nanosized mixtures of weathering products. This project will be a benchmark study of nanosized natural weathering products. Although transmission electron microscopy has been used commonly in environmental studies, the possibility to solve crystal structures of all phases in a complex nanomixture is truly a revolution. It will open the door to an exhaustive and complete characterization of the weathering products and their transformation sequences.

通常探索富含砷（AS）和锑（SB）的硫矿石，并作为许多重要的金属，金属材料和原材料的来源。尽管采矿和加工技术正在稳步改善，但采矿浪费是历史，近期或当前生产的，代表着主要的环境负荷。在与大气和水圈接触后，硫酸盐和相关的采矿浪费的天气，转化并可能污染环境。在这里，我建议研究富含AS和SB的矿石选择的晶体结构和晶体化学。它们很常见，并且经常控制有毒金属和金属的迁移率和生物利用度。然而，他们的本性尚不清楚。在此提案中，我们将针对系统fe（iii）-AS（v）-S（vi）-H2O和（Cu，Zn，ag，bi，fe）-sb（v）-SB（v）-AS（v）-H2O的阶段。也就是说，我们将研究来自Rotgülden（奥地利）的昆虫芳烃，Zykaite和一系列以前未知的阶段。从后一个系统中，我们将检查四面体 - 倾斜矿石的风化产物。除了详细的光学显微镜和电子显微探针工作外，该作品的重点还在于衍射技术：高分辨率粉末X射线衍射和电子预防衍射。尤其是后来的方法将用于破译风化产物的纳米化混合物的晶体结构。该项目将是对纳米化天然风化产品的基准研究。尽管透射电子显微镜通常在环境研究中使用，但在复杂的纳米偶像中解决所有阶段的晶体结构的可能性确实是一场革命。它将为风化产品及其转换序列的详尽而完整的表征打开大门。