EAGER: SAI: Collaborative Research: Conceptualizing Interorganizational Processes for Supporting Interdependent Lifeline Infrastructure Recovery

EAGER：SAI：协作研究：概念化支持相互依赖的生命线基础设施恢复的组织间流程

• 批准号: 2411614
• 负责人: Branden Johnson
• 金额: $ 17.69万
• 依托单位: Oregon Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-12-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2411614&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; SAI; Collaborative; Research; Conceptualizing

Strengthening American Infrastructure (SAI) is an NSF Program seeking to stimulate human-centered fundamental and potentially transformative research that strengthens America’s infrastructure. Effective infrastructure provides a strong foundation for socioeconomic vitality and broad quality of life improvement. Strong, reliable, and effective infrastructure spurs private-sector innovation, grows the economy, creates jobs, makes public-sector service provision more efficient, strengthens communities, promotes equal opportunity, protects the natural environment, enhances national security, and fuels American leadership. To achieve these goals requires expertise from across the science and engineering disciplines. SAI focuses on how knowledge of human reasoning and decision making, governance, and social and cultural processes enables the building and maintenance of effective infrastructure that improves lives and society and builds on advances in technology and engineering.American lifeline infrastructures, such as drinkable water, power systems, and ground transportation, include technology, organizations, and expertise that keep Americans alive and working. They are highly interdependent and require each other’s functioning for normal operation. Yet Pacific Northwest infrastructures are under-prepared for the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) earthquake (magnitude 9.0+), with a 7-15% probability over the next 45 years or so. It likely will destroy or damage many infrastructures at the same time, making life difficult for months or years as these lifelines are slowly restored across the region. This project examines how operators and managers—specifically, the expert staff who keep the drinkable water, power grid, and ground transportation infrastructures going—are prepared to handle such rare extreme hazards. The aim of this research is to transform how the U.S. prepares for the next CSZ earthquake, by improving coordinated preparedness and recovery of interdependent infrastructures after the earthquake, and informing how these interdependent infrastructures are designed, developed, and maintained to enhance their resilience and sustainability. Avoiding waste in coordinated recovery of these various lifeline infrastructures could save thousands of lives as well as millions of dollars to the U.S. economy every day. The research team is conducting table-top emergency response exercises, detailed interviews, and group discussions and with control room operators, maintenance supervisors, real-time support staff, and managers across potable water, the power grid, and ground transportation infrastructures. These activities help to identify critical shared or interconnected control variables (e.g., electrical voltages, reservoir release rates, management structures) that may severely hamper coordinated recovery if not acknowledged and planned for. These data are used to develop an agent-based model (ABM), a computer model that incorporates human behavior data into the design of “agents” who respond to various situations, to identify the outcomes of various earthquake and infrastructure response scenarios beyond those used in the interview/discussion/exercise work. Key informants in infrastructure planning and emergency response in Washington and Oregon, the states most vulnerable to consequences of a CSZ earthquake, will be consulted and informed throughout the project to maximize its value, with wider distribution of results to multiple stakeholders through policy briefs, white papers, and presentations to enhance its value for practitioners. The project aims to provide scientific evidence for a new decision-aid tool to be further researched and developed. This project’s proposed integration of social science (e.g., organizational operations analysis, trust, values) and engineering theories and methods (e.g., resilience engineering, ABM) is largely untested but has the potential to provide first insights into how interorganizational processes support or hinder coordinated recovery of interdependent infrastructures. Despite the uniqueness of a CSZ earthquake event, it is expected that much of the new knowledge generated through this project will be generalizable to other disasters and regions, given that failures of multiple infrastructures do occur simultaneously in other hazard events. Anonymized qualitative data and open-source simulation software will be made publicly available for other researchers and practitioners.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

加强美国基础设施 (SAI) 是一项 NSF 计划，旨在促进以人为本的基础性和潜在变革性研究，加强美国的基础设施，为社会经济活力和广泛的生活质量改善提供坚实的基础。私营部门创新、发展经济、创造就业机会、提供更多公共部门服务、加强社区、促进平等机会、保护自然环境、增强国家安全并增强美国的领导力。要实现这些目标，需要来自各个领域的专业知识。 SAI 专注于人类推理和决策、治理以及社会和文化过程的知识如何能够建设和维护有效的基础设施，从而改善生活和社会，并建立在技术和工程进步的基础上。饮用水、电力系统和地面交通等，包括维持美国人生存和工作的技术、组织和专业知识，它们高度相互依赖，需要彼此的正常运作，但太平洋西北地区的基础设施却准备不足。卡斯卡迪亚俯冲区域（CSZ）地震（震级 9.0+），在未来 45 年左右的时间内，它可能会同时摧毁或损坏许多基础设施，使这些生命线在数月或数年内陷入困境。该项目研究了运营商和管理人员（特别是维持饮用水、电网和地面交通基础设施运行的专家人员）如何准备应对这种罕见的极端灾害。转换美国如何通过改善震后相互依赖的基础设施的准备和恢复来为下一次CSZ地震做好准备，并告知如何设计、开发和维护这些相互依赖的基础设施，以增强其复原力和可持续性，避免在协调恢复过程中造成浪费。生命线基础设施每天可以挽救数千人的生命，并为美国经济节省数百万美元。研究团队正在与控制室操作员、维护主管进行桌面应急响应演习、详细访谈和小组讨论。这些活动有助于识别可能严重妨碍协调的关键共享或互连控制变量（例如电压、水库释放率、管理结构）。这些数据用于开发基于代理的模型（ABM），该模型将人类行为数据纳入响应各种情况的“代理”的设计中，以识别各种结果。地震和基础设施响应场景超出所使用的场景在整个项目过程中，将向最容易受到 CSZ 地震影响的华盛顿州和俄勒冈州的基础设施规划和应急响应中的关键信息提供者进行咨询和通报，以最大限度地发挥其价值，并更广泛地分发信息。该项目旨在通过政策简报、白皮书和演示向多个利益相关者提供结果，以提高其对实践者的价值，为进一步研究和开发新的决策辅助工具提供科学依据。 、组织运作尽管 CSZ 地震具有独特性，但工程理论和方法（例如弹性工程、ABM）在很大程度上尚未经过测试，但有可能为组织间流程如何支持或阻碍相互依赖的基础设施的协调恢复提供初步见解。鉴于在其他灾害事件中确实会同时发生多个基础设施的故障，预计通过该项目产生的大部分新知识将可推广到其他灾害和地区。向其他研究人员和从业人员公开提供。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。