CAREER: CAS- Climate -- Air-quality-related environmental justice impacts of decarbonization scenarios

职业：CAS-气候——脱碳情景与空气质量相关的环境正义影响

• 批准号: 2339462
• 负责人: Christopher Tessum
• 金额: $ 51万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-01 至 2028-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2339462&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; CAS; Climate; Air; quality

The U.S. and other nations are at the beginning of a major technological shift from a fossil fuel-based economy to one driven by non-climate-forcing energy generation. The speed and success of this technology shift (“decarbonization”) depend in part upon whether it is perceived to be implemented equitably with benefits that accrue broadly across society. A major way that energy generation intersects with equity is through ambient air pollution. Ambient air pollution is one of the largest causes of death in the US and globally, with health burdens that are distributed inequitably on both regional and international scales. However, minimal research has thus far been conducted into the air quality and environmental justice implications of different decarbonization strategies. Furthermore, current integrated assessment models, which are used to develop decarbonization strategies, have minimal support for air quality assessment and are not well-suited to quantify environmental inequity. This project will develop a new modeling framework for integrated assessment of climate, air quality, and environmental equity impacts of policy scenarios, and apply the framework in the analysis and evaluation of climate policy. The research targets greatly improved understanding of the co-benefits and dis-benefits of decarbonization policy scenarios, especially as related to environmental equity, both within the US and internationally. It also targets improved understanding of effective methods for educating the general public on climate science and policy. The open-source computational tools to be created aim to facilitate the calculation of air quality co-benefits and related equity by policymakers, sustainability scientists, and others. This goal is to result in a stronger technical grounding for decarbonization policy. Furthermore, as the perception of equity is critical to successful decarbonization, the identification of strategies that mitigate environmental injustice, and the development of educational tools to broadly communicate the benefits of those policies, will contribute to the fight against climate change overall. Project research will be organized in three Thrusts. Thrust 1 will couple the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) with the Intervention Model for Air Pollution (InMAP). GCAM represents linkages between energy, water, land, climate and economic systems. InMAP is a high-resolution, reduced-complexity model of the transport, transformation, and removal of air pollution developed by PI Tessum and widely used to estimate air pollution health and equity impacts of policy interventions. Both GCAM and InMAP have versions that are global- and US-focused and the research will couple the corresponding versions to allow analysis at sub-national US and international scales. Thrust 2 will expand the coupled models developed in Thrust 1 to allow high-resolution integrated assessment. To do this, the research will integrate high-resolution demographic population down-scaling into the resulting model to allow the assessment of how policy scenarios will differentially affect air pollution exposure across different demographic groups. Technology implementation decisions will also be enabled at high spatial resolution within the model, enabling the exploration of intra-urban location-based policy implementation. Thrust 3 will create a machine-learned single-pass GCAM solver that allows the model to run in seconds instead of hours for a subset of possible scenarios, as well as flexible software infrastructure (GCAM-EDU) for building interactive educational experiences.This CAREER project is jointly supported by the NSF ENG/CBET Environmental Sustainability and Environmental Engineering program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国和其他国家正处于从基于化石燃料的经济向非气候强迫能源发电驱动的重大技术转变的开始，这种技术转变（“脱碳”）的速度和成功部分取决于。环境空气污染是美国和全球最大的死亡原因之一。然而，迄今为止，对不同脱碳战略对空气质量和环境正义影响的研究还很少。此外，目前用于制定脱碳战略的综合评估模型还存在不足。对空气质量评估的支持很少，不太适合量化环境不平等。该项目将开发一个新的模型框架，用于综合评估政策情景的气候、空气质量和环境公平影响，并将该框架应用于分析和评估。气候政策评估。研究目标大大提高了对脱碳政策的共同利益和弊端的理解，特别是与美国和国际环境公平相关的政策，它还旨在提高对向公众进行气候科学和气候教育的有效方法的理解。将创建的开源计算工具旨在促进政策制定者、可持续发展科学家和其他人计算空气质量协同效益和相关公平性，这一目标是为脱碳政策提供更强有力的技术基础。因为对公平的看法是确定减轻环境不公正的战略以及开发教育工具以广泛宣传这些政策的好处对于成功脱碳至关重要，将有助于应对气候变化的总体目标 项目研究将分为三个主旨 1。将全球变化分析模型 (GCAM) 与空气污染干预模型 (InMAP) 结合起来，GCAM 代表了能源、水、土地、气候和经济系统之间的联系。InMAP 是一个高分辨率、复杂性降低的模型。 GCAM 和 InMAP 都有针对全球和美国的版本，该研究将结合相应的版本。为了能够在美国和国际范围内进行分析，主旨 2 将扩展主旨 1 中开发的模型，以进行高分辨率综合评估。模型允许对政策情景如何对不同人口群体的空气污染暴露产生不同影响的评估也将在模型中以高空间分辨率实现，从而能够探索基于城市内位置的政策实施。机器学习的单通道 GCAM 求解器，允许模型在几秒钟内运行，而不是几个小时，用于可能场景的子集，以及用于构建交互式教育体验的灵活软件基础设施 (GCAM-EDU)。该 CAREER 项目由美国国家科学基金会ENG/CBET 环境可持续性和环境工程计划。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。