Collaborative Research: Observations and Modeling of Primary and Secondary Gravity Waves at all Altitudes over the Andes

合作研究：安第斯山脉上空所有海拔的一次和二次重力波的观测和建模

• 批准号: 2327915
• 负责人: Thomas Lund
• 金额: $ 35.96万
• 依托单位: GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-12-01 至 2026-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2327915&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Observations; Modeling; Primary

Atmospheric Gravity waves (GWs) result when air parcels get disturbed and overshoot their equilibrium position causing oscillatory motions. These are often triggered by the topography, or thunderstorms. GWs are essential for transporting and distributing energy and momentum throughout the atmosphere, influencing various processes. Among the different types of GWs, secondary gravity waves (SGW) (caused by upper-altitude wind readjustments and turbulence) are particularly important. However, their generation is the least understood aspect of this phenomenon. This project plans to integrate observations (satellite as well as ground-based) and state-of-the-art numerical models to improve the understanding of gravity waves. The effort aims to advance the understanding of (a) both primary and secondary gravity waves dynamics, (b) turbulence and instability processes that occur in the atmosphere and other geophysical fluids. This knowledge can be applied to improve weather and climate models, resulting in more accurate predictions that are beneficial for commercial aviation. This project will contribute to STEM education providing support to a graduate student, two postdoctoral researchers and an early career scientist. The project aims to address compelling science questions related to GW dynamics by using novel observations and machine learning methods. Multi-instrument data planned to be used in this investigation include: 1) the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder aboard NASA's Aqua satellite for the stratosphere, 2) the Na lidar, Mesosphere Temperature Mapper, Aerospace nightglow imager, and meteor radar at the Andes Lidar Observatory, and 3) comparable instruments on Tierra del Fuego. A new machine learning approach along with conventional weather models are planned to be used for this investigation. This project will provide a quantitative understanding of the (a) roles and importance of GW breaking in SGW generation, (b) instability and turbulence dynamics, and (c) GW and SGW forcing of the MLT. These studies will also advance the understanding of SGW sources and their characteristics. Finally, the machine learning efforts may open a new window for improved parameterizations of primary and secondary GWs in global atmospheric models where the bulk of GW effects cannot be resolved directly.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当大气团受到干扰并超出其平衡位置并导致振荡运动时，就会产生大气重力波 (GW)。这些通常是由地形或雷暴引发的。引力波对于在整个大气中传输和分配能量和动量、影响各种过程至关重要。在不同类型的重力波中，次生重力波（SGW）（由高空风的调整和湍流引起）尤为重要。然而，他们这一代人是这一现象中最不为人所知的方面。该项目计划整合观测（卫星和地面）和最先进的数值模型，以提高对重力波的理解。这项工作旨在增进对（a）初级和次级重力波动力学，（b）大气和其他地球物理流体中发生的湍流和不稳定过程的理解。这些知识可用于改进天气和气候模型，从而产生对商业航空有利的更准确的预测。 该项目将为 STEM 教育做出贡献，为一名研究生、两名博士后研究人员和一名早期职业科学家提供支持。该项目旨在通过使用新颖的观察和机器学习方法来解决与引力波动力学相关的引人注目的科学问题。计划在本次调查中使用的多仪器数据包括：1) NASA 平流层 Aqua 卫星上的大气红外探测器，2) 安第斯激光雷达天文台的 Na 激光雷达、中层温度测绘仪、航空航天夜光成像仪和流星雷达， 3) 火地岛上的类似仪器。这项调查计划使用新的机器学习方法和传统的天气模型。该项目将定量了解 (a) GW 破坏在 SGW 生成中的作用和重要性，(b) 不稳定性和湍流动力学，以及 (c) MLT 的 GW 和 SGW 强迫。这些研究还将增进对 SGW 源及其特征的理解。最后，机器学习工作可能会打开一个新的窗口，以改进全球大气模型中主要和次要引力波的参数化，其中大部分引力波效应无法直接解决。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用评估来支持基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。