Collaborative Research: BoCP-Implementation: The influence of different nutrient delivery modes on functional biodiversity of marine plankton in a changing ocean

合作研究：BoCP-实施：不同养分输送模式对变化海洋中海洋浮游生物功能生物多样性的影响

• 批准号: 2326027
• 负责人: Adrian Marchetti
• 金额: $ 159.75万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2027-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2326027&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; BoCP; Implementation; influence

All living organisms must acquire nutrients from their environment to survive and grow. Phytoplankton and their zooplankton grazers in the ocean, which constitute the base levels of the planet’s largest food webs and play an essential role in global carbon cycling, are no exception. However, the rules governing how different physical mechanisms of nutrient delivery to marine ecosystems structure plankton biodiversity and interaction networks along with their trophic dependencies are poorly understood. This project examines how these specific physical mechanisms influence the functional biodiversity of plankton communities through increasing nutrient inputs into the mixed layer, leading to strong, yet perhaps predictable biological variability in a changing ocean environment. This research reveals details on how environmental disturbances of varying spatial and temporal scales affect ecosystem function and elucidates the dynamics between taxonomic biodiversity and functional diversity with respect to ecosystem stability. Insights gained from this program about controls on productivity and biodiversity are applicable to many island and upwelling systems globally. Engagement of local partners to collect additional observations and dissemination of research findings to the Galápagos community enable a two-way dialog about system function and the issues faced by the indigenous community due to climate change. The project also provides training for graduate students and undergraduates from underrepresented groups and a K-12 teacher.This project combines field and laboratory studies with a modeling effort to evaluate if different physical modes of nutrient delivery, in close proximity to each other, exert sufficient controls on nutrient availability that influences plankton functional diversity and associated dynamics. The study site is the Galápagos archipelago in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean where intensive shipboard sampling is augmented by 12-month deployments of a vertical profiler mooring to observe i) an isolated island wake and ii) interaction of the archipelago with the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and upwelling on the western side of the archipelago. Internal tides, believed to have a significant influence on the system, are also being observed. Varying functional traits of plankton such as nutrient acquisition strategies and storage are being measured to investigate whether they are selected upon by these inputs. The cruise and longer-term observational efforts generate a spatial survey and time series of physical, chemical and biological properties. Laboratory culture studies using phytoplankton isolates obtained from the region are used to quantify phytoplankton functional traits in relation to nutrient acquisition and storage. The results inform parameterization of a plankton NPZ model forced by time series of nutrient delivery representative of the three physical modes at play, used to test if bottom-up control can explain observed distributions and temporal variability. This research advances ecological theory on biodiversity dynamics and functional biodiversity by testing the hypothesis that functional redundancy drives ecosystem stability, achieved through resistance to change or resiliency.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

所有生物体都必须从其环境中获取营养才能生存和生长，海洋中的浮游植物及其食草动物也不例外，它们构成了地球上最大食物网的基础层，并在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。人们对向海洋生态系统输送养分的不同物理机制如何构建浮游生物生物多样性和相互作用网络及其营养依赖性的规则知之甚少。该项目研究了这些特定的物理机制如何影响浮游生物的功能生物多样性。这项研究揭示了不同空间和时间尺度的环境扰动如何影响生态系统功能的细节，并阐明了分类生物多样性和生物多样性之间的动态。从该计划中获得的有关生产力和生物多样性控制的见解适用于全球许多岛屿和上升流系统。当地合作伙伴参与收集额外的观察结果并向加拉帕戈斯社区传播研究结果，从而实现了可持续发展。关于系统功能和土著社区因气候变化而面临的问题的双向对话 该项目还为来自代表性不足群体的研究生和本科生以及一名 K-12 教师提供培训。该项目将现场研究和实验室研究与建模相结合。努力评估彼此接近的不同营养物输送物理模式是否对影响浮游生物功能多样性和相关足够动态的营养物可用性施加控制。研究地点是赤道东部太平洋的加拉帕戈斯群岛，那里有密集的船舶。通过部署为期 12 个月的垂直剖面仪来加强采样，以观察 i) 孤岛尾流和 ii) 群岛与赤道暗流 (EUC) 和群岛西侧上升流的相互作用，据信这些相互作用是由内潮汐引起的。对系统有重大影响的浮游生物的不同功能特征（例如养分获取策略和储存）也正在被测量，以调查它们是否受到这些输入的选择。长期观测工作产生了物理、化学和生物特性的空间调查和时间序列，利用从该地区获得的浮游植物分离物进行实验室培养研究，用于量化与养分获取和储存相关的浮游植物功能特征。由代表三种物理模式的养分输送时间序列驱动的浮游生物 NPZ 模型，用于测试自下而上的控制是否可以解释观察到的分布和时间变异性。这项研究通过以下方式推进了生物多样性动态和功能生物多样性的生态理论。测试功能冗余通过抵抗变化或弹性来实现生态系统稳定性的假设。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。