MRI: Acquisition of an advanced X-ray detector for static and dynamic synchrotron X-ray scattering studies of materials at extreme conditions at the Advanced Photon Source

MRI：购买先进的 X 射线探测器，用于在先进光子源的极端条件下对材料进行静态和动态同步加速器 X 射线散射研究

• 批准号: 2320309
• 负责人: Alexander Goncharov
• 金额: $ 139.45万
• 依托单位: Carnegie Institution of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2320309&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; advanced; ray; detector

This Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) award will permit the purchase of an advanced X-ray detector, EIGER2 S CdTe 9M at Sector 13 of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science user facility at Argonne National Laboratory (Chicago, IL). This detector upgrade will help to overcome the challenges in determining the structure and composition of materials in-situ at extreme pressure-temperature conditions, which are currently limited when trying to resolve many fundamental questions in Earth and planetary sciences. New capabilities enabled by this upgrade will facilitate novel experiments which will address key aspects of physical and chemical properties of Earth and planetary materials such as minerals, melts, and iron alloys, thus greatly advancing our understanding of planetary interior structure and dynamics. The proposed acquisition will significantly enhance frontier high pressure research being conducted at Sector 13. The quality of the synchrotron beam at the upgraded APS-U will be greatly improved, with a more tightly focused, brighter, and highly coherent beam. Acquisition of this new detector will take full advantage of the upgrade and will provide a vast and critical improvement in the quality of XRD. The hybrid-pixel EIGER2 CdTe detector from DECTRIS has significant technical advantages versus the currently used PILATUS detector with higher spatial resolution, larger dynamic range, and faster frame rates at high energies. These technical improvements will provide new abilities to determine XRD reflection shapes and positions much more precisely by spatially resolving closely positioned reflections. The detector will allow definitive detection of weak reflections in long acquisitions and discriminate them from much stronger spurious reflections, thus enabling numerous previously unrealizable applications. These improvements are most critical for single-crystal (SC) XRD and full profile refinement of powder XRD, which can determine the structure and composition of materials in situ at extreme P-T conditions. It is also critical for extending the P-T range of high-quality and high-resolution XRD studies to pressures approaching 1 TPa and temperatures approaching 10 kK, where samples are exceptionally small. An upgraded XRD facility will enable new investigations of equilibrium phase diagrams (including melting), phase transition kinetics and dynamics, the structure and composition of low-Z materials, and the structure of non-crystalline materials. New investigations will combine XRD measurements with a variety of laser heating techniques, dynamic compression, and cryogenic cooling of samples in the DAC. The proposed major technological improvements of the laser heating system combined with XRD will allow new experimental campaigns for addressing many fundamental questions through a much-improved capability to interrogate the structure and physical properties of Earth and planetary materials (e.g., minerals, melts, and iron alloys), greatly advancing our understanding of planetary interior structure and dynamics. Existing data are often contradictory (e.g., melting and thermal/ electrical transport properties) or too poorly constrained to provide unique answers. This underscores the need for comprehensive investigations of the properties of planetary material using in situ measurements on mantle and core analogues in well controlled and calibrated high P-T conditions, such as those made possible by the new detector proposed here.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项重大研究仪器 (MRI) 奖项将允许购买先进 X 射线探测器 EIGER2 S CdTe 9M，位于先进光子源的第 13 区，这是美国能源部科学办公室位于阿贡国家实验室（芝加哥，伊利诺伊州）。此次探测器升级将有助于克服在极端压力-温度条件下原位确定材料结构和成分的挑战，目前在试图解决地球和行星科学中的许多基本问题时，这些挑战受到限制。此次升级带来的新功能将促进新颖的实验，这些实验将解决地球和行星材料（例如矿物、熔体和铁合金）的物理和化学特性的关键方面，从而极大地增进我们对行星内部结构和动力学的理解。拟议的收购将显着加强第 13 区正在进行的前沿高压研究。升级后的 APS-U 的同步加速器光束质量将大大提高，光束聚焦更紧密、更明亮、高度相干。购买这款新探测器将充分利用升级的优势，并将为 XRD 质量带来巨大而关键的改进。与目前使用的 PILATUS 探测器相比，DECTRIS 的混合像素 EIGER2 CdTe 探测器具有显着的技术优势，具有更高的空间分辨率、更大的动态范围和高能量下更快的帧速率。这些技术改进将提供新的能力，通过空间解析紧密定位的反射，更精确地确定 XRD 反射形状和位置。该探测器将允许在长时间采集中明确检测弱反射，并将其与更强的杂散反射区分开来，从而实现许多以前无法实现的应用。这些改进对于单晶 (SC) XRD 和粉末 XRD 的全轮廓细化最为关键，它们可以在极端 P-T 条件下原位确定材料的结构和成分。这对于将高质量和高分辨率 XRD 研究的 P-T 范围扩展到接近 1 TPa 的压力和接近 10 kK 的温度（其中样品非常小）也至关重要。升级后的 XRD 设施将能够对平衡相图（包括熔化）、相变动力学和动力学、低 Z 材料的结构和成分以及非晶材料的结构进行新的研究。新的研究将 XRD 测量与 DAC 中样品的各种激光加热技术、动态压缩和低温冷却相结合。激光加热系统与 XRD 相结合的拟议重大技术改进将允许新的实验活动通过大大提高的能力来解决许多基本问题，以询问地球和行星材料（例如矿物、熔体和铁）的结构和物理特性。合金），极大地增进了我们对行星内部结构和动力学的理解。现有数据通常是矛盾的（例如，熔化和热/电传输特性）或约束太弱而无法提供唯一的答案。这强调了在良好控制和校准的高 P-T 条件下对地幔和地核类似物进行原位测量来全面研究行星物质特性的必要性，例如本文提出的新探测器所实现的那些。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命和通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，该项目被认为值得支持。