Collaborative Research: NSFGEO/NERC: After the cataclysm: cryptic degassing and delayed recovery in the wake of Large Igneous Province volcanism

合作研究：NSFGEO/NERC：灾难之后：大型火成岩省火山活动后的神秘脱气和延迟恢复

• 批准号: 2317936
• 负责人: Leif Karlstrom
• 金额: $ 77.31万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-01 至 2028-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2317936&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; NSFGEO; NERC; After

Large Igneous Province volcanism is associated with extraordinary mantle melting and voluminous eruptive episodes, which have been linked to major mass extinctions through the past half-billion years of Earth’s history. Significant research over the last three decades has brought the extreme nature of these events into focus. But controls on the nature and tempo of recovery after these catastrophic events remain unknown, despite implications for potential climate system tipping points. In particular, unexpectedly protracted periods of warm climate and delayed environmental and biological recovery following some Large Igneous Provinces underscore a fundamental lack of understanding of the gases released during the waning stages of these events and/or controls on global climate. This project will carry out a multi-disciplinary effort combining field observations; high-resolution records of volcanism, climate, weathering, and life; and numerical modeling to understand co-evolution of solid and surface Earth during perturbation and recovery. This is a project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate for Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Upon successful joint determination of an award recommendation, each Agency funds the proportion of the budget that supports scientists at institutions in their respective countries. This project is co-funded by the Directorate for Geosciences to support AI/ML advancement in the geosciences.This project addresses a fundamental unanswered question: what processes shape climate and biotic recovery from major Large Igneous Province-driven carbon cycle perturbations? The project aims to test the new overarching hypothesis that a large-scale transition in crustal rheology shuts down Large Igneous Province volcanism, but continued mantle melting drives cryptic Carbon Dioxide release and delays climate and biotic recovery. If correct, this hypothesis implies that cryptic degassing—Carbon Dioxide release through the crust decoupled from eruption rates—is a key, and previously unaccounted for, control on the climatic conditions and tempo characterizing recovery. To test this hypothesis, this project pursues four key scientific objectives: 1) development of high-resolution, multi-disciplinary records of volcanism and weathering, 2) coupling of models of mantle geodynamics, magma transport, and outgassing, 3) assimilation of records of past climate and weathering into climate-biogeochemical modeling to invert for outgassing fluxes and place top-down constraints on interior evolution, 4) integration of paleobiological databases with records and modeling of volcanism, climate and weathering to test factors shaping which types of organisms thrive beyond recovery. The project leverages three powerful natural laboratory Large Igneous Provinces and climate events, building from the youngest and best-resolved, the Columbia River Basalts and Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum; to the more voluminous North Atlantic Igneous Province, Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, and Early Eocene Climatic Optimum; and finally to the Siberian Traps, catastrophic end-Permian mass extinction, and early Triassic hothouse. The project will carry out a sustained outreach/inreach effort in northeastern Oregon, the epicenter of Columbia River Basalt volcanism and site of project field work. Activities aim to humanize science and enhance education through engagement of rural communities. Project PIs and students will engage school-age children in Oregon and New Jersey, and global Large Igneous Province researchers through: a data portal and set of virtual field trips; Large Igneous Provinces for Kids programming in the form of visits to Wallowa county schools and ‘Write a Scientist’ correspondences with project scientists; and a field forum at the mid-point of the project that will welcome the Large Igneous Province community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

大型火成岩省火山活动与异常的地幔融化和大量喷发事件有关，这些事件与地球历史上过去五亿年的大规模灭绝有关。过去三十年的大量研究已经将这些事件的极端性质带入了人们的视野。但对这些灾难性事件后恢复的性质和速度的控制仍然未知，尽管对潜在的气候系统临界点有影响，特别是气候变暖的时间意外延长和延迟。一些大型火成岩省之后的环境和生物恢复突显出人们对这些事件的减弱阶段释放的气体和/或对全球气候的控制缺乏了解。火山活动、气候、风化和生命的分辨率记录；以及了解固体和表面地球在扰动和恢复过程中共同演化的数值模型。这是一个由美国国家科学基金会地球科学理事会联合资助的项目。 (NSF/GEO) 和英国国家环境研究委员会 (NERC) 通过 NSF/GEO-NERC 牵头机构协议本协议允许提交一份美国/英国联合提案并进行同行评审。在成功联合确定资助建议后，每个机构将资助其各自国家机构科学家的预算部分，该项目由地球科学理事会共同资助。支持 AI/ML 领域的进步该项目解决了一个尚未解答的基本问题：哪些过程影响了大型火成岩省驱动的碳循环扰动中的气候和生物恢复？该项目旨在测试新的总体假设，即地壳流变学的大规模转变导致大型火成岩省关闭。省内的火山活动，但持续的地幔融化驱动了神秘的二氧化碳释放，并延迟了气候和生物的恢复。如果正确，这一假设意味着神秘的脱气——二氧化碳通过地壳释放。与喷发率脱钩——是对气候条件和节奏特征恢复的关键且以前未被考虑的控制。为了检验这一假设，该项目追求四个关键的科学目标：1）开发高分辨率、多学科的记录。火山作用和风化作用，2）地幔地球动力学、岩浆输送和释气模型的耦合，3）将过去的气候和风化记录同化到气候生物地球化学中建模以反演排气通量并对内部进化施加自上而下的限制，4）将古生物学数据库与火山活动、气候和风化的记录和建模相结合，以测试影响哪些类型的生物在恢复后茁壮成长的因素。实验室大型火成岩省和气候事件，从最年轻和最好解决的哥伦比亚河玄武岩和中中新世气候最佳到更庞大的北大西洋；火成岩省、古新世-始新世最热期和早始新世气候最佳期；最后是西伯利亚地盾、二叠纪末灾难性大灭绝和三叠纪早期温室。该项目将在俄勒冈州东北部开展持续的外展/内展工作。哥伦比亚河玄武岩火山活动中心和项目实地工作地点。活动旨在通过项目 PI 的参与使科学人性化并加强教育。学生将通过以下方式与俄勒冈州和新泽西州的学龄儿童以及全球大型火成岩省研究人员互动：数据门户和一系列针对儿童的大型火成岩省项目，以访问瓦洛厄县学校和“Write”为形式；科学家与项目科学家的通信；以及项目中期的现场论坛，欢迎大型火成岩省社区。该奖项是 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和能力进行评估，被认为值得支持。更广泛的影响审查标准。