CAREER: Long-term Controls on Short-term Patterns of Magmatism: Towards a Unified Framework for Crustal Magma Transport

职业：对岩浆作用短期模式的长期控制：建立地壳岩浆输送的统一框架

• 批准号: 1848554
• 负责人: Leif Karlstrom
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1848554&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Long; term; Controls; Short

Determining the pathways and timing of magma migration between the source region and Earth's surface remains one of the biggest challenges for understanding volcanic eruptions and their hazards. Predicting volcanic activity must contend with magma transport processes that are hidden beneath the surface and that reflect an integrated history of magmatic and tectonic events spanning far beyond direct observational records. Magmatism of any kind associated with the largest volcanic eruptions in the geologic record has never been directly observed, which complicates efforts to understand how volcanoes active today fit into the spectrum of possible volcanic processes. This proposal will generate new understandings of magma transport on scales that are relevant both to predicting active volcanic processes and to interpreting the record of past eruptions. Broader impacts associated with this proposal will leverage the great diversity of volcanic data to develop sonification and visualization software tools for use in teaching, outreach, and as a bridge to the arts. Undergraduate teaching and workshops will generate geoscience education materials. A series of outreach presentations will use sonification and visualization techniques to bring project research to the public, including a collaboration with musicians to produce recordings and performances of sonified volcanic data. There are two primary scientific objectives of this proposal. The first objective is to understand the spatiotemporal progression of magmatism at its largest scales, focusing on the iconic Columbia River Flood Basalts. New field data describing a massive exposed feeder dike system in eastern Oregon, USA, will be combined with thermochronology and related techniques that constrain timescales of subsurface magma flow. Numerical models will elucidate physical processes controlling the tempo, volumes, and crustal transport architecture feeding flood basalt eruptions, using Bayesian inversion methods to formally assess model uncertainty amongst diverse but indirect observational constraints. This work should provide a predictive basis for connecting flood basalt eruptions to environmental impacts including climate and mass extinctions of life. The second objective is to develop a modeling framework for crustal magma transport that captures multiphase fluid movement and surface eruption cycles through a network of reservoirs and conduits, coupled to a crustal model that accounts for the thermomechanical history of prior magmatism, far-field forcing (i.e. from tectonics, climate), and nonlinear rheology of crustal materials. This modeling framework will be used to explore the phenomenological trade-offs in physical and chemical processes that govern eruption cycles, and explore the complexities of history-dependent crustal stress and thermal evolution at long-lived magmatic centers. Applications to historical volcanic datasets as well as the Columbia River Flood Basalts will provide an observational test for models, while comparison to and calibration with fully phase-resolved simulations performed by others will help bridge divergent approaches to modeling multi-scale magma transport.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

确定岩浆在源区和地球表面之间迁移的路径和时间仍然是了解火山喷发及其危害的最大挑战之一。预测火山活动必须应对隐藏在地表以下的岩浆输送过程，这些过程反映了远远超出直接观测记录的岩浆和构造事件的综合历史。地质记录中与最大火山喷发相关的任何类型的岩浆作用从未被直接观察到，这使得了解当今活跃的火山如何适应可能的火山过程范围的努力变得复杂。该提案将对岩浆输送的规模产生新的理解，这与预测活跃的火山过程和解释过去的喷发记录相关。与该提案相关的更广泛影响将利用火山数据的多样性来开发可听化和可视化软件工具，用于教学、推广和艺术桥梁。本科教学和研讨会将产生地球科学教育材料。一系列外展演示将使用声音化和可视化技术将项目研究带给公众，包括与音乐家合作制作声音化火山数据的录音和表演。该提案有两个主要科学目标。第一个目标是了解最大规模的岩浆作用的时空进展，重点关注标志性的哥伦比亚河溢流玄武岩。描述美国俄勒冈州东部一个巨大的裸露支流堤系统的新现场数据将与限制地下岩浆流时间尺度的热年代学和相关技术相结合。数值模型将阐明控制节奏、体积和地壳运输结构的物理过程，这些过程为洪水玄武岩喷发提供动力，使用贝叶斯反演方法来正式评估不同但间接的观测约束之间的模型不确定性。这项工作应该为将洪水玄武岩喷发与包括气候和生命大规模灭绝在内的环境影响联系起来提供预测基础。第二个目标是开发一个地壳岩浆输送建模框架，通过储层和管道网络捕获多相流体运动和地表喷发循环，并与解释先前岩浆作用、远场强迫的热机械历史的地壳模型相结合。即来自构造、气候和地壳材料的非线性流变学。该建模框架将用于探索控制喷发周期的物理和化学过程的现象学权衡，并探索历史相关的地壳应力和长寿岩浆中心热演化的复杂性。历史火山数据集以及哥伦比亚河洪水玄武岩的应用将为模型提供观测测试，而与其他人进行的完全相位解析模拟的比较和校准将有助于弥合多尺度岩浆输送建模的不同方法。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Time-evolving surface and subsurface signatures of Quaternary volcanism in the Cascades arc

喀斯喀特弧第四纪火山活动的时间演化地表和地下特征

• DOI: 10.1130/geol.s.12510482.v1
• 发表时间: 2020-06-18
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: D. O’Hara;E. al.
• 通讯作者: E. al.

The arc-scale spatial distribution of volcano erosion implies coupled magmatism and regional climate in the Cascades arc, United States

火山侵蚀的弧尺度空间分布暗示了美国喀斯喀特弧的岩浆活动和区域气候的耦合

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2023.1150760
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: Frontiers in Earth Science
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: O’Hara, D.;Karlstrom, L.
• 通讯作者: Karlstrom, L.

The life cycle of large igneous provinces

大型火成岩省的生命周期

• DOI: 10.1038/s43017-021-00221-4
• 发表时间: 2021-11-23
• 期刊: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
• 影响因子: 42.1
• 作者: B. Black;L. Karlstrom;T. Mather
• 通讯作者: T. Mather

The Prevalence and Significance of Offset Magma Reservoirs at Arc Volcanoes

弧火山偏移岩浆库的普遍性和意义

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gl087856
• 发表时间: 2020-07
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Lerner, Allan H.;O'Hara, Daniel;Karlstrom, Leif;Ebmeier, Susanna K.;Anderson, Kyle R.;Hurwitz, Shaul
• 通讯作者: Hurwitz, Shaul

Development of magmatic topography through repeated stochastic intrusions

反复随机侵入导致岩浆地形的发展

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107371
• 发表时间: 2021-08-09
• 期刊: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: D. O’Hara;Nathaniel Klema;L. Karlstrom
• 通讯作者: L. Karlstrom