How can people connect more deeply through self-disclosure? Testing the linguistic, nonverbal, and neural mechanisms of successful communication

人们如何通过自我表露更深入地联系？

• 批准号: 2314423
• 负责人: Brent Hughes
• 金额: $ 64.27万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2314423&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: How; people; connect; more; deeply

Loneliness is a growing threat to health, productivity, and well-being. To combat its consequences, it is increasingly important to find ways for people to connect with others. One way people can build social connection is through sharing their experiences with others (i.e., self-disclosure). Successful self-disclosure allows listeners to gain a better understanding of the speaker's experiences, deeper insights into who they are, and ultimately, better social connection. However, self-disclosure does not always achieve this goal. This work explores when and how self-disclosure promotes social connection, shedding light on how conversation partners develop shared understandings. The findings set the stage for future interventions to develop communication strategies to promote social connection.To achieve these goals, the current work addresses two crucial issues. In its first aim, the work identifies self-disclosure strategies that enable individuals to effectively convey their experiences to listeners. Surprisingly, there has been limited research on how people help listeners understand them. The challenge lies in accurately measuring shared understanding without disrupting listeners or relying solely on their subjective assessments. Neural synchrony, which measures the extent to which two brains process events similarly over time, has emerged as a mechanism that helps listeners comprehend the details of speakers' experiences. By observing how two brains link together (using neuroimaging techniques) from one moment to the next without interrupting the natural experience of communication, this study uncovers the linguistic (e.g., emotional, vivid, and reflective language) and nonverbal (e.g., vocal patterns, silent pauses, speech rate) elements of disclosures that promote successful communication. In its second aim, the current work seeks to discover how conversation partners develop a sense of shared meaning. It remains unknown whether neural synchrony enables listeners to move beyond a basic understanding of speakers’ experiences and gain deeper insight into their personality traits, motivations, and life stories. Thus, the current research measures how people develop shared interpretations of the nuanced information speakers seek to convey about themselves during self-disclosure to examine the extent to which neural synchrony helps listeners understand the deeper meaning of a speaker’s disclosure beyond just getting the facts straight. These findings contribute to an enhanced theoretical framework for how self-disclosure fosters shared understanding between people and help future scholars develop strategies for building social connection.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

孤独对健康、生产力和福祉日益构成威胁，为了应对其后果，寻找人们与他人联系的方法变得越来越重要，人们建立社会联系的一种方式是与他人分享他们的经历。 ，自我表露）。成功的自我表露可以让听众更好地了解说话者的经历，更深入地了解他们是谁，并最终获得更好的社会联系。但是，自我表露并不总是能实现这一目标。探讨何时以及如何自我表露促进了社会联系，揭示了对话伙伴如何形成共同的理解，为未来制定促进社会联系的沟通策略奠定了基础。为了实现这些目标，当前的工作首先解决了两个关键问题。令人惊讶的是，关于人们如何帮助听众理解他们的经历的研究还很有限，挑战在于如何在不干扰听众或仅仅依赖听众的情况下准确地衡量共同的理解。他们的主观评价。同步性衡量两个大脑随着时间的推移处理事件的相似程度，它已成为一种机制，通过观察两个大脑从一个时刻到下一个时刻如何联系在一起（使用神经成像技术），帮助听众理解演讲者的经历细节。在不中断沟通的自然体验的情况下，本研究揭示了促进成功沟通的语言（例如情感、生动和反思性语言）和非语言（例如声音模式、无声停顿、语速）元素。目前的工作旨在发现对话伙伴如何形成一种共同的意义感，目前尚不清楚神经同步是否能让听众超越对说话者经历的基本理解，并更深入地了解他们的个性特征、动机和生活故事。因此，当前的研究衡量人们如何对说话者在自我表露期间试图传达的微妙信息形成共同的解释，以检验神经同步在多大程度上帮助听众理解说话者所披露的更深层次的含义，而不仅仅是弄清事实。 .这些发现有助于增强了关于自我表露如何促进人与人之间的共同理解并帮助未来学者制定建立社会联系的策略的理论框架。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。