Testing the impact and malleability of neural biases in outgroup deindividuation

测试神经偏差对外群体去个性化的影响和可塑性

• 批准号: 2017267
• 负责人: Brent Hughes
• 金额: $ 49.47万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2017267&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Testing; impact; malleability; neural; biases

People tend to see members of their own racial groups as individuals but consider members of other racial groups as interchangeable and indistinct, a phenomenon known as deindividuation. Deindividuation facilitates group-based discrimination and increases social inequality. For example, White eyewitnesses misidentify Black individuals as perpetrators at a much higher rate than White, which results in a larger proportion of wrongful convictions among Black individuals. This research tests the limits and malleability of how low-level perceptual and neurocognitive mechanisms habituate more quickly to other-race individuals as repeated instances of the same broad category, but habituate less to own-race targets, leading to better identification for ingroup members. In particular, this research tests these processes across different affective states to test how fear influences face identification processes. It also tests how threat and affiliation cues influence identification processes. Understanding how the brain “sees” racial outgroup members is important to help mitigate race-based disparities and outcomes in the United States. This research uses behavioral, physiological and neuroimaging experiments to examine the consequences of perceptual biases involved in person perception processes. Research shows that there is coarser neural tuning of face selective processing for outgroup faces compared to ingroup faces. This results in poorer recognition for racial outgroups than ingroups. This research tests these perceptual biases, their flexibility, and whether they can be eliminated. One series of studies examines whether deindividuating racial outgroup members in perception can lead people to generalize fear across a wide range of outgroup members. Specifically, this research tests the degree to which experiencing an aversive event paired with one outgroup member elicits a similar fear response to other individuals who look more or less similar to that target. Another series of studies examines the extent to which the brain habituates to groups of Black or White faces, testing whether biases in perception are fixed, or flexible depending on emotion or superordinate group membership. A final study combines these approaches to test whether interventions that combat group biases can prevent the spread of fear across outgroup members. This research has direct relevance for the formation of prejudice and discrimination, and can eventually address eye-witness processes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人们倾向于将自己种族群体的成员视为个体，但认为其他种族群体的成员是可互换的和模糊的，这种被称为“去个体化”的现象促进了基于群体的歧视并加剧了社会不平等。例如，白人目击者将黑人误认为是个体。犯罪率比白人高得多，这导致黑人误判的比例更高。这项研究测试了低水平知觉和神经认知机制的局限性和可塑性。更快地习惯于将其他种族个体视为同一广泛类别的重复实例，但较少习惯于自己种族的目标，从而更好地识别内群体成员。特别是，这项研究在不同的情感状态下测试了这些过程，以测试恐惧如何影响。它还测试了威胁和归属线索如何影响识别过程，了解大脑如何“看待”种族外群体成员对于帮助减轻美国基于种族的差异和结果非常重要。神经影像学实验来检查研究表明，与内群体面孔相比，外群体面孔的面部选择性处理的神经调节更粗糙，这导致对外群体的识别能力比内群体的认知能力差。 ，以及它们是否可以被消除。一系列研究考察了在感知上消除种族外群体成员的个体化是否会导致人们将恐惧普遍化到广泛的外群体成员中。具体来说，这项研究测试了经历一种恐惧的程度。与一个外群体成员配对的厌恶事件会引发对与该目标或多或少相似的其他人的类似恐惧反应。另一系列研究检查了大脑对黑人或白人面孔群体的习惯程度，测试感知是否存在偏差。根据情绪或上级群体成员的不同，这些因素是固定的或灵活的。最后一项研究结合了这些方法，以测试对抗群体偏见的干预措施是否可以防止恐惧在外群体成员中传播。并最终可以解决该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Stereotypes disrupt probabilistic category learning.

刻板印象破坏了概率类别学习。

• DOI: 10.1037/xge0001335
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
• 作者: Derreumaux, Yrian;Elder, Jacob;Suri, Gaurav;Ben;Quimby, Thelonious;Hughes, Brent L.
• 通讯作者: Hughes, Brent L.