AON: Sustained observation and study of the rapidly evolving Arctic Ocean environment

AON：对快速变化的北冰洋环境的持续观测和研究

• 批准号: 2314360
• 负责人: John Toole
• 金额: $ 404.4万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2028-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2314360&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: AON; Sustained; observation; study; rapidly

Climate models predict that the Arctic will experience the greatest amount of warming on the planet in the coming decades. Seemingly consistent with those modeling results, Arctic sea ice extent and total volume have decreased markedly since the turn of the century. The expanded areas of the sea surface exposed to the atmosphere in summer are warming and ocean currents are carrying that heat below the ice-covered regions to drive additional ice melting from below. Sustained observations of the rapidly-evolving Arctic Ocean are vital for documenting ongoing changes and exploring the responsible mechanisms, research that will ultimately lead to improved ability to forecast the future state of the Arctic. This award will support annual deployments of autonomous, expendable instrument systems (called Ice-Tethered Profilers, ITP) that sample and report in real time the sea water temperature and salinity of the upper ocean as the buoys drift with their supporting sea ice floes, continuing an observational record initiated in 2004. These data have proven to be a valuable resource for scientific research, student projects, and operational forecasting; to date, approximately 275 research papers have been published and numerous student dissertations written that have utilized ITP data. Over the duration of this 5-year award, a total of 18 ITP systems will be constructed, tested and deployed in the Arctic on cruises of opportunity with the resulting data being made publicly available and preserved in national data archives. Improved forecast skill based on these and other polar observations will allow more efficient planning for resilient coastal infrastructure, fishery and resource extraction, navigation, search and rescue activities and defense systems. Begun in 2004, the Ice-Tethered Profiler program has annually fielded instrument systems distributed throughout the deep Arctic that return year-round daily vertical profiles of sea water temperature and salinity, and other water properties at sub-meter vertical resolution over depths of ~5 m to ~750 m as the buoys drift with their supporting ice floes. A new variant of the ITP, the Tethered Ocean Profiler, TOP, focuses on waters from ~200 m depth up to within 15 cm of the ice-ocean interface. The present award will continue and improve the ITP/TOP observing program for another 5 years. A three-pronged effort is planned to consist of (1) annual deployments of operational ITPs and TOPs from Arctic cruises of opportunity and dissemination of the resulting data, (2) ongoing engineering efforts to keep abreast of the evolving supply chain for ITP/TOP components, and (3) quality control and scientific analysis of the resulting data with results published in peer-reviewed journals. Data from these autonomous instruments will be publicly distributed via the project website, the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) network, the Arctic Data Center, and the National Centers for Environmental Information.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

气候模型预测，未来几十年，北极将经历地球上最严重的变暖。 看似与这些模拟结果一致的是，自世纪之交以来，北极海冰范围和总体积已显着减少。 夏季，暴露在大气中的海面面积不断变暖，洋流将热量带到了冰雪覆盖的区域下方，促使下方的冰进一步融化。 对快速变化的北冰洋的持续观测对于记录持续的变化和探索负责任的机制至关重要，这些研究最终将提高预测北极未来状况的能力。 该奖项将支持每年部署自主、消耗性仪器系统（称为冰系系剖面仪，ITP），当浮标随其支撑的海冰浮冰漂移时，该系统实时采样并报告上层海洋的海水温度和盐度，继续2004 年启动的观测记录。这些数据已被证明是科学研究、学生项目和业务预测的宝贵资源；迄今为止，已发表约 275 篇研究论文，并撰写了许多利用 ITP 数据的学生论文。 在这个为期 5 年的合同期内，将在北极机会航行中建造、测试和部署总共 18 个 ITP 系统，所得数据将公开并保存在国家数据档案中。 基于这些和其他极地观测的改进的预报技能将有助于更有效地规划有弹性的沿海基础设施、渔业和资源开采、导航、搜索和救援活动以及防御系统。 从 2004 年开始，冰系系剖面仪计划每年都会在整个北极深处部署仪器系统，全年每天返回海水温度和盐度的垂直剖面，以及深度约为 5 米的亚米级垂直分辨率的其他水特性。当浮标与其支撑的浮冰一起漂移时，高度可达约 750 m。 ITP 的一个新变体是系留海洋剖面仪 (TOP)，重点关注从约 200 米深度到冰海界面 15 厘米以内的水域。 目前的奖项将继续并改进 ITP/TOP 观测计划再持续 5 年。 计划三管齐下，包括 (1) 每年在北极机会巡航中部署可运行的 ITP 和 TOP 并传播结果数据，(2) 持续进行工程工作，以跟上不断发展的 ITP/TOP 供应链(3) 对所得数据进行质量控制和科学分析，并将结果发表在同行评审期刊上。 这些自主仪器的数据将通过项目网站、全球电信系统 (GTS) 网络、北极数据中心和国家环境信息中心公开分发。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得通过以下方式获得支持：使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。

项目成果

The MOSAiC Distributed Network: observing the coupled Arctic system with multidisciplinary, coordinated platforms

MOSAiC 分布式网络：通过多学科、协调的平台观测耦合的北极系统

• 发表时间: 2024-03
• 期刊: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene
• 作者: Rabe, Benjamin;Cox, Christopher;Fang, Ying;Goessling, Helge;Granskog, Mats A.;Hoppmann, Mario;Hutchings, Jennifer K.;Krumpen, Thomas;Kuznetsov, Ivan;Lei, Ruibo;et al
• 通讯作者: et al