Collaborative Research: Hidden Dimensions of Diversity in Woodland Salamanders: Investigating Ecophysiological Evolution in a Classic Non-Adaptive Radiation

合作研究：林地蝾螈多样性的隐藏维度：研究经典非适应性辐射中的生态生理进化

• 批准号: 2403865
• 负责人: Eric Riddell
• 金额: $ 28.48万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2403865&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Hidden; Dimensions; Diversity

One of the most persistent patterns in biology is that species richness is unequally distributed across the tree of life: whereas some lineages are exceptionally prolific in generating new species, others are species-poor, even over long evolutionary timespans. It is generally thought that, in order to be species-rich, a lineage must also be ecologically diverse. Yet, this is not always the case. This proposal focuses on woodland salamanders (genus Plethodon), a highly diverse amphibian lineage in the Appalachian region of eastern North America. This lineage is renowned for high species richness despite little ecological diversity. Nonetheless, the story of the Plethodon radiation has largely been studied from a single niche axis – that of structural habitat use and corresponding morphology. Just as important, but largely ignored, is thermal and hydric habitat use, and how interactions with climatic factors may generate biodiversity. As lungless salamanders, these organisms perform a delicate dance with their thermal and hydric environments to ensure cutaneous respiration. This award centers around discovering how physiological diversity is structured across the lineage, and how physiological evolution contributes to the high species diversity of Plethodon. This award is important because it will advance our understanding of how biodiversity originates. Specifically, the researchers will unpack how diversification (or lack thereof) along several ecological axes sculpts broad-scale patterns of species richness. The award is also important because it will provide detailed and updated information about salamander vulnerability to ongoing environmental change. This project will provide training opportunities for undergraduates and high school students.Theory suggests that disparity in biodiversity reflects ecological differences among lineages. At one extreme, adaptive radiation is characterized by rapid and prolific diversification into numerous ecological niches and, at the other end, lineages with low ecological diversity also tend to have few species. So-called ‘non-adaptive’ radiations occupy an enigmatic middle ground characterized by high species richness despite low ecological diversity. Perhaps most famous among these radiations are the plethodontid (lungless) salamanders. This lineage is renowned for long-term morphological stasis, suggesting that diversification has been driven by neutral processes. Using a series of phylogenetic causal models, the researchers will explore evolutionary patterns of physiological diversity, and determine their causal mechanism(s). Then, using evolutionary rate matrices, the researchers will compare rates and patterns of morphological and physiological evolution. Then, the researchers will explore the physiological correlates of species’ distributions to explore why the Appalachian region is so species rich in lungless amphibians. Lastly, using a series of new mechanistic models, the researchers will explore how salamander distributions will be altered over the next century.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生物学中最持久的模式之一是，物种丰富度不平等地分布在整个生命之上：尽管有些谱系在产生新物种方面是异常多产的，但其他谱系也是种类贫乏的，即使是长期的进化时间量。人们普遍认为，要成为物种丰富的谱系，谱系也必须是生态上的潜水员。但是，情况并非总是如此。该提议着重于林地sal（属）plethodon），这是北美东阿巴拉契亚地区高度多样化的两栖动物。这种血统以高种物种的丰富性而闻名，几乎没有生态多样性。尽管如此，羽毛辐射的故事在很大程度上是从一个小ne轴（结构栖息地使用和相应的形态）中研究的。同样重要但在很大程度上被忽略的是热栖息地的使用，以及与气候因素的相互作用如何产生生物多样性。作为无肺sal，这些生物使用热和水力环境进行精致的舞蹈，以确保皮肤呼吸。该奖项围绕着发现生理多样性如何在整个谱系中结构，以及生理进化如何促进普尔托登的高物种多样性。该奖项很重要，因为它将促进我们对生物多样性如何产生的理解。具体来说，研究人员将沿几个生态轴雕刻的多样化（或缺乏多样化）塑造物种丰富度的大规模模式。该奖项也很重要，因为它将提供有关Salamander脆弱性持续环境变化的详细和更新信息。该项目将为大学生和高中生提供培训机会。理论上表明，生物多样性的差异反映了谱系之间的生态差异。在一个极端，自适应X线摄影的特征是快速和多产的生态壁ni，另一端，生态多样性低的谱系也往往很少。所谓的“非自适应”辐射占据了一个神秘的中间地面，其特征是高物种丰富度dospite低生态多样性。在这些辐射中最著名的是Plethodontid（无肺）sal。该血统以长期形态停滞而闻名，表明多样化是由中性过程驱动的。使用一系列系统发育催化模型，研究人员将探索生理多样性的进化模式，并确定其因果机制。然后，使用进化速率材料，研究人员将比较形态和生理进化的速率和模式。然后，研究人员将探索物种分布的物理相关性，以探讨为什么阿巴拉契亚地区如此富含无肺两栖动物的物种。最后，使用一系列新机械模型，研究人员将探讨如何在下个世纪改变Salamander分布。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估通过评估来诚实地支持。

项目成果

Assessing hybrid vigour using the thermal sensitivity of physiological trade‐offs in tiger salamanders

利用虎蝾螈生理权衡的热敏感性评估杂交活力

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14463
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Functional Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Burger, Isabella J.;Carter, Evin T.;Magner, Lexie M.;Muñoz, Martha M.;Sears, Michael W.;Fitzpatrick, Benjamin M.;Riddell, Eric A.
• 通讯作者: Riddell, Eric A.