Collaborative Research: Maritime to Inland Transitions Towards ENvironments for Convection Initiation (MITTEN CI)

合作研究：海洋到内陆向对流引发环境的转变（MITTEN CI）

• 批准号: 2349935
• 负责人: Christopher Weiss
• 金额: $ 61.05万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-04-01 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2349935&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Maritime; Inland; Transitions

The goal of the Maritime to Inland Transitions Towards ENvironments for Convection Initiation (MITTEN-CI) campaign is to develop the most thorough understanding to date of transitions in near-surface thermodynamic and wind profile structure due to inland movement of marine air in the Great Lakes coastal environment, and resultant impacts on thunderstorm development. Understanding such transitions and their implications for thunderstorms has substantial broader impacts, given the significant portion of the human population that lives in coastal areas. Hypotheses are developed to target novel aspects of near-shore thunderstorm development and evolution of near-surface profiles of temperature, humidity, and wind that have received relatively little attention and enable operations under a wide range of background weather patterns, resulting in a high probability of success in the campaign’s goals.The MITTEN-CI campaign will result in an extensive dataset that characterizes the temporal evolution of over-lake thermodynamic and kinematic profiles using Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS), in addition to thorough sampling of boundary layer spatial and temporal variability over land using instrumentation along a 120 km shore-perpendicular transect with six flux towers, two mobile mesonets, multiple radiosonde launch sites, a Doppler LiDAR, and two mobile Ka-band Doppler radars. These data will enable hypothesis testing that will result in new knowledge of processes across a range of scales that result in convection initiation (CI) or failure thereof in midlatitude coastal regions. Specific aspects of coastal convective environments and CI to be investigated include development of lake-breeze MAHTEs (mesoscale airmasses with high theta-e), i.e., instability maxima on the cool side of lake-breeze fronts (LBFs), the potential for diffuse LBFs to exist embedded within synoptic-scale onshore flow and influence CI, LBF misovortex influence on CI both independently and through interactions with horizontal convective rolls, RKW theory’s relation to LBF CI, and the influence of entrainment on LBF thermodynamics, structure, and propagation. Significant new knowledge of processes related to MAHTE development is expected and will inform broader research on MAHTE development in other types of frontal boundaries which are more difficult to study without a nomadic campaign.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

“对流引发环境从海洋到内陆的转变”(MITTEN-CI) 活动的目标是对五大湖海洋空气内陆运动导致的近地表热力学和风廓线结构的转变进行迄今为止最彻底的了解考虑到大部分人口居住在沿海地区，了解这种转变及其对雷暴的影响具有更广泛的影响。近岸雷暴发展以及近地表温度、湿度和风廓线演变的新颖方面受到的关注相对较少，并且能够在广泛的背景天气模式下进行操作，从而导致该活动成功的可能性很高MITTEN-CI 活动将产生一个广泛的数据集，除了使用仪器对陆地上边界层空间和时间变化进行彻底采样外，还使用无人飞行器系统（UAS）对​​湖上热力学和运动学剖面的时间演变进行表征沿着120 公里海岸垂直横断面，配有六个通量塔、两个移动中观仪、多个无线电探空仪发射场、一个多普勒激光雷达和两个移动 Ka 波段多普勒雷达。这些数据将支持假设检验，从而获得有关整个范围内过程的新知识。导致中纬度沿海地区对流启动（CI）或失败的规模的影响。要研究的沿海对流环境和 CI 的具体方面包括湖风 MAHTE 的发展。 （具有高 theta-e 的中尺度气团），即湖风锋 (LBF) 冷侧的不稳定最大值，弥漫性 LBF 嵌入天气尺度陆上流中并影响 CI 的可能性，LBF 恶涡对 CI 的影响独立地以及通过与水平对流辊的相互作用，RKW 理论与 LBF CI 的关系，以及夹带对 LBF 热力学、结构和传播的影响。预计将获得与 MAHTE 发育相关过程的重要新知识，并将为其他类型额叶边界的 MAHTE 发育更广泛的研究提供信息，这些边界在没有游牧活动的情况下更难以研究。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得通过以下方式获得支持：使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。