Postdoctoral Fellowship: EAR-PF: Using paleogeography and the fossil record to characterize the influence of scale on species range trajectories

博士后奖学金：EAR-PF：利用古地理学和化石记录来描述规模对物种范围轨迹的影响

• 批准号: 2305234
• 负责人: Benjamin Shipley
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: Shipley, Benjamin R
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2305234&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Postdoctoral; Fellowship; EAR; PF; Using

The range of a species, or where the species lives in geographic space, can provide information about its role within an ecosystem and across landscapes. Species ranges are influenced by many factors, including changes in climate, shifts in ecosystems and communities, and anthropogenic influences. However, the dynamics of species ranges on geological timescales (for example, across millions of years) has not yet been fully understood. Furthermore, the study of species ranges through time is complicated by the influence of past tectonic shifts and climate change on species ranges. This project, conducted at the University of Oxford and advised by Dr. Erin Saupe, explores long-term changes in species range sizes across many different geographic extents, and types of species. It aims to quantify how species ranges fluctuate over multiple time scales, evaluate how tectonics and climate influence these fluctuations, and examine how the dynamics might be driven by relatedness and heritability between species. This project will provide new avenues of inquiry into the maintenance of biodiversity through time and will help to forge another link between the history of Earth and the history of life. During this project, the researchers will contribute to several programs aimed at increasing diversity in academia and introducing students to entire process of scientific research in geology and paleobiology. These programs include the Nuffield Research Placement Program, a month-long program where the students develop and answer their own research questions, and the UNIQ program, which sponsors high-school students from diverse and underserved communities to take short-courses in fields that interest them. Through these initiatives, the project aims to foster discussion on the vital importance of earth science in our changing world and to inspire a new cohort of dedicated earth scientists.As we enter the Anthropocene, unprecedented climatic and landscape changes are leading to global extinctions and the reorganization of many species’ ranges (Barnosky et al. 2011). Understanding how species ranges have changed through geological time can offer insight into these current and projected future changes. Furthermore, categorizing the dynamics of species range shifts from origination to extinction can increase the ability of conservation organizations and governments to identify and protect species that may be at risk of range loss and extinction. However, the study of species ranges through time is complicated by the extrinsic effects of spatial, taxonomic, and temporal scale (Kemp et al. 2015). Using new methods in paleo-topographic reconstruction paired with advances in paleontological databases and novel evolutionary hypotheses, this research extricates these confounding effects and evaluates multiple facets of range dynamics in the fossil record. The project has three aims: 1) to quantify how species’ geographic ranges fluctuate over multiple temporal scales, 2) to examine the contribution of tectonic, geographic, and climatic factors in structuring range dynamics, and 3) to evaluate the heritability of these range size dynamics and the influence of taxonomic scale on range size fluctuations. The project will use geo-referenced Paleobiology databases, including Triton, PBDB, Neotoma, and NOW to characterize species range size through time and to determine whether the trajectories of range size across a species’ evolutionary history is consistent across taxa and temporal scale. Next, fluctuations in range size will be correlated to periods of climate and tectonic changes, using temporal autoregressive models and stochastic differential equations. Finally, applying phylogenic data from published sources such as Phylacine, the influence of relatedness and heritability on range size trajectories will be evaluated.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

物种的范围或该物种在地理空间中的生活位置可以提供有关其在生态系统和跨景观中的作用的信息物种范围受到许多因素的影响，包括气候变化、生态系统和群落的变化以及人为影响。然而，物种范围在地质时间尺度（例如数百万年）上的动态尚未完全了解。此外，由于过去的构造变化和气候变化对物种范围的影响，物种范围随时间的研究变得复杂。 。 这该项目由 Erin Saupe 博士在牛津大学进行，探索了许多不同地理范围内物种范围大小和物种类型的长期变化，旨在量化物种范围在多个时间尺度上的波动情况，并进行评估。构造和气候如何影响这些波动，并研究物种之间的相关性和遗传性如何驱动动态。该项目将为探究随着时间的推移维持生物多样性提供新的途径，并将有助于在历史之间建立另一种联系。在这个项目中，研究人员将参与多个项目，旨在增加学术界的多样性，并向学生介绍地质学和古生物学科学研究的整个过程，这些项目包括为期一个月的纳菲尔德研究安置项目。 - 长期项目，学生们提出并回答自己的研究问题；UNIQ 项目，资助来自多元化和服务水平低下社区的高中生参加他们感兴趣的领域的短期课程。讨论重要的地球科学在我们不断变化的世界中的重要性，并激励一批新的致力于地球科学家。当我们进入人类世时，前所未有的气候和景观变化正在导致全球灭绝和许多物种分布范围的重组（Barnosky et al. 2011）了解物种范围在地质时期的变化可以深入了解当前和预计的未来变化，此外，对物种范围从起源到灭绝的动态变化进行分类可以提高保护组织和政府识别和保护物种的能力。然而，由于空间、分类和时间尺度的外在影响，对物种范围随时间变化的研究变得复杂（Kemp et al. 2015）。结合古生物学数据库的进步和新颖的进化假设，这项研究消除了这些混杂效应，并评估了化石记录中范围动态的多个方面。该项目有三个目标：1）量化物种的地理分布。范围在多个时间尺度上波动，2）检查构造、地理和气候因素在构造范围动态中的贡献，3）评估这些范围大小动态的遗传力以及分类尺度对范围大小波动项目的影响。将使用地理参考古生物学数据库，包括 Triton、PBDB、Neotoma 和 NOW 来描述随时间变化的物种范围大小，并确定范围大小的轨迹是否接下来，使用时间自回归模型和随机微分方程，将范围大小的波动与气候和构造变化时期相关联。最后，应用来自已发表来源的系统发育数据。 Phlacine，将评估相关性和遗传性对范围大小轨迹的影响。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持标准。