Postdoctoral Fellowship: EAR-PF: Assessing the net climate impact of tropical peatland restoration: the role of methane

博士后奖学金：EAR-PF：评估热带泥炭地恢复对气候的净影响：甲烷的作用

• 批准号: 2305578
• 负责人: Clarice Perryman
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: Perryman, Clarice R
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2305578&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Postdoctoral; Fellowship; EAR; PF; Assessing

Peatlands are globally important carbon stores, containing double the amount of carbon stored in forests worldwide. Draining peatlands for agriculture and forestry encourages microbial decomposition of peat carbon, releasing this stored carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2). Peatland drainage is particularly widespread in Southeast Asia, where over 90% of peat swamps have been disturbed, resulting in peatland CO2 emissions on par with regional fossil fuel emissions. Blocking drainage canals to raise water levels should reduce CO2 emissions by discouraging microbial decomposition. As such, “peatland rewetting” through canal blocking has been proposed as a low-cost natural climate solution and many countries including Indonesia have committed to rewetting vast areas of degraded peatlands to combat climate change. However, peatland rewetting stands to increase methane (CH4) emissions, as microbes that produce CH4 thrive under water-logged conditions. Increased CH4 emissions may partially offset the climate benefits of peatland rewetting due to the high global warming potential of CH4. Measurements of CO2 and CH4 emissions after rewetting tropical peatlands are extremely scarce, which is a major limitation for policy and planning. This research aims to quantify CH4 and CO2 emissions from rewetted peatlands in Indonesia. Dr. Clarice Perryman will collect new emissions data to assess how future greenhouse gas emissions vary across different tropical peatland rewetting scenarios and identify important variables controlling emissions from rewetted peatlands. The results of this research will help guide peatland management through determining the spatial scale and timing of peatland rewetting that will provide greatest greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Research findings will be broadly disseminated to local communities, partner NGOs, and the research community via public presentations and research publications. Dr. Perryman also aims to promote belonging, accessibility, justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (BAJEDI) in the geosciences through mentoring undergraduate and graduate students on related research in Indonesia and at her host institution. Peatland rewetting is gaining popularity as an effective and low-cost natural climate solution as rewetting stands to reduce high CO2 emissions from peatlands drained for agriculture and logging. Even though rewetting reduces CO2 emissions, increased CH4 emissions post-rewetting can cause rewetted peatlands to remain a net greenhouse gas source with a net positive (warming) radiative forcing for several decades. Despite the great potential and widespread enthusiasm for peatland rewetting, field measurements of greenhouse gas emissions from rewetted peatlands are extremely sparse. This is particularly true for tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia, including those in Indonesia which has recently committed to rewetting vast areas of degraded peatlands to mitigate wildfire risks and CO2 emissions. This research will quantify CH4 and CO2 emissions from rewetted peatlands in Indonesia. Dr. Clarice Perryman will use this new data to upscale emissions from plot to landscape level to assess how future greenhouse gas emissions and net climate impact vary across different tropical peatland rewetting scenarios. The fellow will measure CO2 and CH4 emissions at peatland sites in Indonesia before and after drainage canal blocks are installed to assess emissions at sub-daily to annual timescales. Dr. Perryman will determine abiotic (e.g. hydrology, geochemistry) and biotic (e.g. vegetation, microbial community composition) factors controlling CH4 emissions at the plot scale relevant to upscaling emissions to landscape-level using existing geospatial datasets. Finally, the fellow will apply these new data and process-level insights to assess the net climate impact of tropical peatland rewetting at decadal to century scales. Using a variety of methods, including direct emissions measurements, stable isotope measurements, and microbiome analyses, this research will improve predictions of how microbial systems mediating CH4 cycling will respond to land use change in tropical peatlands. The research will provide critical datasets of CH4 and CO2 emissions and their abiotic and biotic controls from rewetted tropical peatlands. Dr. Perryman will engage in knowledge co-production and transfer with communities and partner NGOs in Indonesia and promote BAJEDI through mentoring undergraduate and graduate students on related research in Indonesia and at her host institution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

泥炭地是全球重要的碳储存库，其碳储存量是全球森林中储存的碳量的两倍。用于农业和林业的泥炭地排水会促进泥炭碳的微生物分解，由于泥炭地排水特别普遍，因此将储存的碳释放到大气中。在东南亚，超过 90% 的泥炭沼泽受到干扰，导致泥炭地二氧化碳排放量与区域化石燃料排放量相当，堵塞排水渠以提高水位应该会减少二氧化碳排放量。因此，通过堵塞运河进行“泥炭地再润湿”已被提议作为一种低成本的自然气候解决方案，包括印度尼西亚在内的许多国家已承诺对大片退化的泥炭地进行再润湿，以应对气候变化。增加甲烷 (CH4) 排放，因为产生 CH4 的微生物在淹水条件下繁衍生息，增加的 CH4 排放可能会部分抵消泥炭地再润湿带来的气候效益。甲烷的高全球变暖潜力。对热带泥炭地再湿润后二氧化碳和甲烷排放的测量极其缺乏，这是政策和规划的主要限制。克拉丽斯·佩里曼博士旨在量化印度尼西亚再湿润泥炭地的甲烷和二氧化碳排放。将收集新的排放数据，以评估未来温室气体排放在不同热带泥炭地再湿化过程中的变化，并确定控制再湿化泥炭地排放的重要变量。这项研究的结果将有助于指导泥炭地管理方案。确定泥炭地再润湿的空间规模和时间，以最大程度地减少温室气体排放。佩里曼博士还旨在通过公开演讲和研究出版物向当地社区、合作伙伴非政府组织和研究界广泛传播。通过指导印度尼西亚及其所在机构的本科生和研究生进行相关研究，地球科学领域的可及性、正义、公平、多样性和包容性（BAJEDI）作为一种有效且低成本的自然方法越来越受欢迎。气候解决方案，因为再湿润可以减少用于农业和伐木的泥炭地的高二氧化碳排放，尽管再湿润可以减少二氧化碳排放，但再湿润后甲烷排放量的增加可能会导致再湿润泥炭地仍然是具有净正（变暖）辐射的净温室气体源。尽管泥炭地再湿润具有巨大的潜力和广泛的热情，但对再湿润泥炭地的温室气体排放的实地测量却极其稀疏，对于热带地区尤其如此。克拉丽斯·佩里曼 (Clarice Perryman) 博士将利用这一新方法，对东南亚的泥炭地进行研究，其中包括最近致力于对大片退化泥炭地进行再润湿以减轻野火风险和二氧化碳排放的研究。该研究员将测量印度尼西亚泥炭地的二氧化碳和甲烷排放量，以评估未来温室气体排放和净气候影响在不同热带泥炭地再湿润情景中的变化。 Perryman 博士将在安装排水渠块之前和之后评估次日至年时间尺度的排放量，以确定相关地块尺度上控制 CH4 排放的非生物（例如水文学、地球化学）和生物（例如植被、微生物群落组成）因素。最后，该研究员将应用这些新数据和过程层面的见解来评估热带泥炭地再润湿对气候的净影响。这项研究将使用各种方法，包括直接排放测量、稳定同位素测量和微生物组分析，改进对介导 CH4 循环的微生物系统如何响应热带泥炭地土地利用变化的预测。 Perryman 博士将与印度尼西亚的社区和非政府组织伙伴进行知识共同生产和转让，并推广有关再湿热带泥炭地的 CH4 和 CO2 排放及其非生物和生物控制的关键数据集。 BAJEDI 通过指导印度尼西亚及其所在机构的本科生和研究生进行相关研究。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。