CNS Core: Small: Towards Timing-Predictable Autonomy in DNN-driven Embedded Systems

CNS 核心：小型：在 DNN 驱动的嵌入式系统中实现时序可预测的自主性

• 批准号: 2300525
• 负责人: Cong Liu
• 金额: $ 48.4万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2300525&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNS; Core; Small; Towards; Timing

Machine learning techniques, particularly deep neural networks (DNNs), are enabling dramatically better autonomy in important domains, such as robotics and transportation. For instance, in automotive systems, DNNs are used to map raw pixels from on-vehicle cameras to steering control decisions. Recent end-to-end self-driving frameworks even make it possible for DNNs to learn to self-steer from limited human driving datasets. NVIDIA and Audi recently announced their plans to deliver DNN-based automated vehicles. A major challenge of safely and reliably adopting DNNs in any safety-critical embedded systems (e.g., cars) is the need to ensure timing predictability (i.e., enabling timing constraints to be analytically validated at design time), which is one of the most important tenets in the certification required for such safety-critical systems. For example, the functional correctness of an automobile hinges crucially upon temporal correctness, as the control operations depend on the processing of certain environmental sensing and computation tasks within specific time constraints. Unfortunately, it is not straightforward to achieve timing predictability in such systems, due to the resource bottlenecks that DNNs can impose. The goal of this research is to achieve timing predictability in DNN-driven autonomous embedded systems. A novel system model leveraging Heijunka, a mature production leveling approach first developed by Toyota, will be established. New DNN-aware, real-time resource allocation methods and associated analysis techniques for validating timing constraints will be developed that can be applied in DNN-driven embedded systems. Moreover, an open-source ecosystem with efficient memory management under heterogeneous hardware architectures will be implemented. The outcome of this project will pave the way to enable DNN-driven solutions to be safely and confidently adopted in many embedded domains in which timing predictability is a natural requirement. This project will also result in a pipeline of computer engineers and scientists who are skilled in the interdisciplinary nature of DNN-driven embedded systems, as well as increase awareness of real-time and autonomous system design concepts among students at all academic levels.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

机器学习技术，特别是深度神经网络 (DNN)，正在显着提高机器人和交通等重要领域的自主性。例如，在汽车系统中，DNN 用于将车载摄像头的原始像素映射到转向控制决策。最近的端到端自动驾驶框架甚至使 DNN 能够从有限的人类驾驶数据集中学习自动驾驶。 NVIDIA 和奥迪最近宣布计划推出基于 DNN 的自动驾驶汽车。在任何安全关键嵌入式系统（例如汽车）中安全可靠地采用 DNN 的一个主要挑战是需要确保时序可预测性（即，能够在设计时对时序约束进行分析验证），这是最重要的挑战之一此类安全关键系统所需的认证原则。例如，汽车的功能正确性很大程度上取决于时间正确性，因为控制操作取决于特定时间限制内某些环境感测和​​计算任务的处理。不幸的是，由于 DNN 可能造成资源瓶颈，在此类系统中实现时序可预测性并不简单。本研究的目标是在 DNN 驱动的自主嵌入式系统中实现时序可预测性。将建立一种利用Heijunka（丰田首先开发的成熟生产均衡方法）的新颖系统模型。将开发新的 DNN 感知、实时资源分配方法和用于验证时序约束的相关分析技术，可应用于 DNN 驱动的嵌入式系统。此外，还将实现异构硬件架构下高效内存管理的开源生态系统。该项目的成果将为 DNN 驱动的解决方案在许多嵌入式领域中安全、自信地采用铺平道路，在这些领域中，时序可预测性是自然的要求。该项目还将培养一批精通 DNN 驱动的嵌入式系统的跨学科性质的计算机工程师和科学家，并提高各个学术级别的学生对实时和自主系统设计概念的认识。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。